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Petrogenesis of early paleozoic peralkaline rhyolites from the Macedo de Cavaleiros region (NE Portugal)

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Zusammenfassung

Petrologie und Geochemie variszischer peralkaliner Gneisse aus Nordostportugal, 1962 entdeckt, werden dargestellt. Die Haupt- und Spurenelementanalysen dieser übersättigen Gesteine weisen Besonderheiten auf, wie z. B. die hohen Fe203-Gehalte, die selbst noch die des »Ethiopian Main Rift« übersteigen, die hohen Konzentrationen an Seltenen Erdelementen und die kleine negative Eu-Anomalie. Geländegeologie und Petrographie suggerieren, da\ die liquid-magmatische Entmischung eine wichtige petrogenetische Rolle im Kristallisationsablauf spielte. Im Aufschlu\ wird eine Wechsellagerung von Pyroxen-Feldspat- und Hämatit-reichen Schichten beobachtet, die hier als Folge von fO2-Schwankungen erklärt wird. Die petrologischen und geochemischen Daten zeigen, da\ die pantelleritischen und comenditischen Gesteine die letzten Glieder in einer Abfolge vom alkalinen übergangstyp darstellen... Die vulkanische Abfolge im Gebiet von Macedo de Cavaleiros endet mit tholeiitischen Basalten, die damit das Bild der magmatischen Entwicklung in einem Rift-Bereich, in dem Mantelprozesse eine Krustenverdünnung in einem Rift-Bereich, in dem Mantelprozesse eine Krustenverdünnung und die Bildung ozeanischer Kruste bewirkten, vervollständigen.

Abstract

The petrology and geochemistry of Variscan peralkaline gneisses from NE Portugal, discovered in 1962, is presented. Major and trace element data for the oversaturated sequence of the Macedo de Cavaleiros area depict some specific geochemical patterns: high Fe2O3 (t) (even higher than in the Ethiopian Main Rift), high REE concentrations and small Eu anomalies. Field and petrographical observations also suggest that liquid immiscibility has played an important petrogenetic role in the crystallization trends. The alternating pyroxenefeldsparhematite-rich bands observed in outcrop are interpreted as resulting from fluctuating fO2 conditions. Petrological and geochemical data show that these pantelleritic and comenditic rocks are the end members of an alkaline-transitional basaltic sequence, by which they are overlain. An uppermost sequence of oceanic tholeiitic basalts completes the picture of an evolving rift environment, where mantle processes generate crustal thinning and eventually oceanic crust.

Résumé

L'auteur présente la pétrologie et la géochimie des gneiss varisques peralcalins du nord-est du Portugal, découverts en 1962. Les analyses des éléments majeurs et en traces dans ces roches sursaturées montrent quelques caractéristiques spéciales comme la haute teneur en Fe2O3 (t) (supérieure mÊme à celles de l'»Ethiopian Main Rift«), la haute concentration en terres rares et la faible anomalie négative de Eu. La géologie de terrain et les observations pétrographiques suggèrent aussi que l'imiscibilité entre liquides a joué un rÔle pétrogénétique important au cours de la cristallisation. Les alternances de bandes alternativement riches en pyroxène-feldspath et en hématite, observées sur les affleurements, sont interprétées comme le résultat de la fluctuation de fO2. Les données pétrologiques et géochimiques montrent que les roches pantéléritiques et comenditiques représentent les derniers termes d'une séquence du type alcalintransitionel qui les surmonte. La séquence volcanique dans le secteur de Macedo de Calvaleiros se termine par des basaltes tholéiitiques qui complètent le cadre d'une environnement d'un zone de »rift« dans laquelle les processus mantéliques ont déterminé l'amincissement crustal et la formation d'une croûte océanique.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

пРИВОДьтсь пЕтРОлОг ИЧЕскИЕ И гОЕхИМИЧЕс кИЕ ДАННыЕ ИсслЕДОВАНИь ВАРИсс кИх пЕРЩЕлОЧНых гНЕИ сОВ, РАспРОстРАНЕННых В с ЕВЕРО-ВОстОЧНОИ ЧАст И пОРтУгАлИИ, ОпИсАННыЕ ВпЕРВыЕ В 1962 гОДУ. РАспРЕДЕлЕНИЕ ОсНОВНых И РАссЕьНых ЁлЕМЕНтОВ В ЁтИх пЕРЕ сыЩЕННых пОРОДАх пРОьВльЕт НЕ кИЕ ОсОБЕННОстИ, кАк НАпР.: ВысОкОЕ сОДЕ РжАНИЕ Fe2O3, пРЕВышАУЩЕ Е ДАжЕ тАкОВОЕ В “Ethiopian Main Rift”, В ысОкОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ РЕДкИх жЕМЕль И НЕБОл ьшУУ ОтРИцАтЕльНУУ АНОМАлИУ ЕВРОпИь. НА О сНОВАНИИ пОлЕВых И пЕтРОгРАФИЧЕскИх ИсслЕДОВАНИИ УстАНО ВИлИ, ЧтО В хОДЕ кРИстАллИжАцИИ ВАжН УУ пОРОДО-ОБРАжУУЩУУ РОль ИгРАУт пРОцЕссы лИкВ АцИИ. В ОБНАжЕНИьх Уст АНОВИлИ пЕРЕМЕжАУЩЕЕсь жАлЕ гАНИЕ слОЕВ, БОгАтых п ИРОксЕНОМ, пОлЕВыМ шпАтОМ И гЕМА тИтОМ, ЧтО ОБЩьсНьУт кОлЕБАНИьМИ FeO2. пЕтРОл ОгИЧЕскИЕ И гЕОхИМИЧ ЕскИЕ ДАННыЕ УкАжыВАУт НА т О, ЧтО пАНтЕллЕРИтНыЕ И кОМЕНДИтНыЕ пОРОДы пРЕДстАВльУт сОБОИ ж АВЕРшАУЩИЕ ЧлЕНы В РьДУ пОРОД ЩЕл ОЧНОгО пЕРЕхОДНОгО тИпА. ВУлкАНИЧЕскИЕ О тлОжЕНИь В РЕгИОНЕ Macedo de Cavaleiro жАВЕРшАУтсь тОлЕИ тНыМИ БАжАльтАМИ, ЧтО ДОпОлНьЕт кАРтИН У МАгМАтИЧЕскОгО РАжВИтИь В РЕгИОНЕ РИ ФтА, гДЕ пРОцЕссы, пРОт ЕкАУЩИЕ В МАНтИИ, пРИВОДьт к РА жжИжЕНИУ пОРОД МАтЕРИкОВОИ кОРы И ОБ РАжОВАНИУ ОкЕАНИЧЕс кОИ кОРы.

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Ribeiro, M.L. Petrogenesis of early paleozoic peralkaline rhyolites from the Macedo de Cavaleiros region (NE Portugal). Geol Rundsch 76, 147–168 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820579

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