Summary
The condensation of glycine to form oligoglycine during temperature and moisture fluctuations on clay surfaces was enhanced up to fourfold by polyribonucleotides. Polydeoxyribonucleotides gave no enhancement. Yields were greatly reduced in the absence of clay. A small preference was observed among the polyribonucleotide bases with enhancements in the order of Poly G > Poly A = Poly U > Poly C at high density of polynucleotide on the clay surface and Poly G > Poly U > Poly C > Poly A at low density. This and other experiments seem to indicate a codonic bias in the interaction of polynucleotides with amino acids reacting to form peptide bonds. A mechanism is proposed which involves (1) activation of glycine on the clay surface, (2) formation of esters between glycine and the 2′-OH groups of the polyribonucleotide, and (3) formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acyl esters. If this mechanism is correct, it may provide the basis for a simple, direct-template translation process.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Poly A:
-
Polyadenylic acid
- Poly C:
-
Polycytidylic acid
- Poly G:
-
Polyguanylic acid
- Poly U:
-
Polyuridylic acid
- Poly dA:
-
Polydeoxyadenylic acid
References
Beljanski M, Beljanski M (1963) Biochem Biophys Acta 72:585–397
Beljanski M, Fischer-Ferraro C, Bourgarel P (1968) Eur J Biochem 4:184–189
Bjornson LK, Lemmon RM, Calvin M (1974) In: Dose K, Fox SW, Deborin GA, Pavlovskaya TE (eds) The Origin of Life and Evolutionary Biochemistry. Plenum Press, New York, p 21
Brack A, Ehler KW, Orgel LE (1976) J Mol Evol 8:307–310
Crick FHC (1968) J Mol Biol 38:367–379
Fox SW, Jungck JR, Nakashima T (1974) Origins of Life 5:227–237
Gabbay EJ, Sanford K, Baxter CS (1972) Biochemistry 11:3429–3435
Grim RE (1968) Clay Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 464
Helene C, Dimicoli J (1972) FEBS Lett 26:6–10
Hopfield JJ (1978) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:4334–4338
Jungck J (1978) J Mol Evol 11:211–224
Lacey JC Jr, Fox SW (1972) In: Schwartz AW (ed) Theory and experiment in exobiology, vol 2. Wolters-Nordhoff, Groningen, p 33
Lacey JC Jr, Weber AL (1977) Precambrian Research 5:1–22
Lacey JC Jr, Weber AL, White WE Jr (1975) Origins of Life 6:273–283
Lahav N, Chang S (1976) J Mol Evol 8:357–380
Lahav N, White D, Chang S (1978) Science 201:67–69
Mizutani H (1978) Ph D Thesis, University of Maryland
Mizutani H, Ponnamperuma C (1978) In: Noda H (ed) Origins of life. Center for Academic Publications Japan, Tokyo, p 273
Nagyvary J, Fendler JH (1974) Origins of Life 5:357–362
Nakashima T, Fox SW (1972) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:106–108
Nelsestuen GL (1978) J Mol Evol 11:109–120
Raszka M, Mandel M (1972) J Mol Evol 2:38–43
Rendell MS (1972) J Am Chem Soc 94:4337–4341
Saxinger C, Ponnamperuma C (1974) Origins of Life 5:189–200
Steinman G, Cole MN (1967) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 58:735
Theng BKG (1974) The chemistry of clay-organic reactions. Wiley, New York, p 13
Weber AL, Caroon JM, Warden JT, Lemmon RM, Calvin M (1977) Biosystems 8:277–286
Weber AL, Lacey JC Jr (1975) J Mol Evol 6:309–320
Weber AL, Lacey JC (1978) J Mol Evol 11:199–210
White DH (1980) J Mol Evol 16:121–147
White DH, Erickson JC (1980) J Mol Evol 16:279–290
Woese C (1967) The genetic code. Harper and Row, New York, p 150
Woese C (1969) J Mol Biol 43:235–240
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
White, D.H., Erickson, J.C. Enhancement of peptide bond formation by polyribonucleotides on clay surfaces in fluctuating environments. J Mol Evol 17, 19–26 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01792420
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01792420