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Permian-Triassic of the Tethys: Carbon isotope studies

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Zusammenfassung

Untersucht wurden Profiie von Kohlenstoff-Isotopen mariner Karbonate aus dem Oberperm und der Untertrias der Tethys-Region aus 20 Lokalitäten in Jugoslawien, Griechenland, der Türkei, der Sowjet-Republik Armenien, dem Iran, Pakistan, Indien, Nepal und China. Die oberpermischen Proben zeigen dieselben hohen positiven gd13C Werte, wie sie vorher auch aus den oberpermischen Becken NW-Europas und dem Westen der USA berichtet wurden. Anhand von vollständigeren Abschnitten der Tethys kann dargelegt werden, daß die δ13C Werte von der Murgabium- bis zur Dzhulfium-Phase des Oberperms abnehmen und dann innerhalb der letzten zwei Biozonen des Dorashamiums abrupt gegen Null verlaufen. Diese δ13C Niveaus sind repräsentativ für die Tethys und den Weltozean. Sie gelten außerdem für alle Wassertiefen, wie durch ähnliche Werte aus Tiefsee-Sedimenten von Salamis (Griechenland) bestätigt wird. Unsere Annahme ist, daß die hohen δ13C Werte auf spätpaläozoische Speicherung organischen Kohlenstoffs zurückzuführen ist. Die Abnahme stellt episodische Sedimentationsschwankungen des organischen Materials dar, während der die organischen Substanzen über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Millionen Jahren zum Teil aufoxidiert wurden. Das Kohlenstoff-Isotop Profil entspricht parallelisiert in etwa dem Muster des Massen-Aussterbens während des Oberperms.

Abstract

Profiles of carbon isotopes were studied in marine limestones of Late Permian and Early Triassic age of the Tethyan region from 20 sections in Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Armenian SSR, Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and China. The Upper Permian sections continue the high positive values of δ13C previously found in Upper Permian basins in NW Europe and western USA. In the more complete sections of Tethys it can now be demonstrated that the values of δ13C drop from the Murgabian to the Dzhulfian Stages of the Upper Permian, then sharply to values near zero during the last two biozones of the Dorashamian. These levels of δ13C sample the Tethys Sea and the world ocean, and equal values from deep-water sediments at Salamis Greece indicate that they apply to the whole water column. We hypothesize that the high values of δ13C are a consequence of Late Paleozoic storage of organic carbon, and that the declines represent an episodic cessation of this organic deposition, and partial oxidation of the organic reservoir, extending over a period of several million years. The carbon isotope profile may reflect parallel complexity in the pattern of mass extinction in Late Permian time.

Résumé

Des profils isotopiques du carbone ont été établis dans des calcaires marins d'âge tardi-permien à éo-triasique répartis dans 20 endroits du domaine téthysien: Yougoslavie, Grèce, Turquie, République Socialiste dArménie, Iran, Pakistan, Inde, Népal et Chine. Les profils établis dans le Permien supérieur montrent les mêmes valeurs positives de δ13C observées antérieurement dans des bassins de même âge en Europe occidentale et dans l'ouest des USA. Dans les profils les plus complets de la Téthys, il est maintenant établi que les valeurs de δ13C décroissent depuis le Murgabien jusqu'au Dzhulfien (Permien supérieur) pour devenir proches de zéro dans les deux dernières biozones du Dorasharmen. Ces valeurs de δ13C sont caractéristiques de la Téthys et de l'Océan mondial; elles s'appliquent à toutes les profondeurs d'eau, comme en témoignent les valeurs fournies par des sédiments de mer profonde à Salamis (Grèce). Nous formulons l'hypothèse que les hautes valeurs de δ13C sont la conséquence du stockage du carbone organique au Paléozoïque supérieur et que leur décroissance traduit un arrêt épisodique de cette sédimentation organique, accompagné d'une oxydation partielle de la matière organique s'étendant sur une période de plusieurs Ma. L'influence parallèle des phénomènes d'extinction massive à le fin du Permien se refléterait également dans les profils isotopiques du carbone.

Краткое содержание

С помощью изотопного анализа углерода исс ледовали пробы, взятые из 20 местн остей /Югославия, Греция, Турция, Армени я, Иран, Пакистан, Непал и Китай/ в профилях морс ких карбонатов верхн ей перми и нижнего триас а региона Тетиса. Верх непермские известняки характер изуются высокими зна чениями δ13С, как это известно и з верхнепермских проб бассейнов север о-западной Европы и за пада США. На основании боле е полно исследованны х профилей Тетиса можно сказать, что значения δ13С в период от Murgabium'a до Dzhulfium'a резко понижаются до О. Это значение δ13С я вляется характерным для Тетиса и мирового океана. Кроме того, они справедливы для всех глубин океана, что подтверждается данными по осадочным породам из глубин озе ра Саламис / Греция /. Счита ют, что более высокие з начения δ13С могут отображать накопление органиче ского С в позднепалеозойск ое время. Уменьшение ж е его представляет собой э пизодические явлени я колебания процесса осадконако пления органическог о материала в то время, когда орган ические субстанции в отрезках времени в несколько м иллионов лет частичн о самоокислялись. На основании распред еления изотопов С по профилю в перми / три асе названных выше ра йонов предполагают, что оно, по всей вероятности, с вязано с вымиранием организ мов в этот период.

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Author notes

  1. Aymon Baud

    Present address: Musée géologique cantonal, BFSH2-UNIL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

  2. Mordeckai Magaritz

    Present address: Isotopes Department, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel

  3. William T. Holser

    Present address: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, OR, USA

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    1. Aymon Baud
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    2. Mordeckai Magaritz
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    3. William T. Holser
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    Baud, A., Magaritz, M. & Holser, W.T. Permian-Triassic of the Tethys: Carbon isotope studies. Geol Rundsch 78, 649–677 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01776196

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