Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

HLA 1990

  • Leading article
  • Published:
Blut Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The HLA system encompasses approximately one thousandth of the human genome and contains a series of closely linked loci coding for molecules which provide the context for the recognition of antigens by T lymphocytes. Within the HLA system, several phenotypically expressed and genomic polymorphisms can be distinguished. These polymorphisms are described and the main objectives for the future research are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Beatty PG, Layrisse Z, van Seventer GA, Fan L, Magli C, Ivanyi P, Jenkin J, Hansen JA (1989) T-cell recognition of HLA class I molecules. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 359–362

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bignon JD, Semana G, Tiercy JM, Simons M, Lalouel JM, Cohen D (1989) DNA-RFLP analysis: HLA-DR beta Workshop report. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 851–860

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bjorkman PJ, Saper MA, Samraoui B, Bennett WS, Strominger JL, Wiley DC (1987) Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. Nature 329: 506–512

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bodmer WF, Albert E, Bodmer JG, Dupont B, Mach B, Mayr WR, Sasazuki T, Schreuder GMT, Svejgaard A, Terasaki PI (1989) Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1987. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 72–79

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bodmer JG, Marsh SGE, Parham P, Erlich HA, Albert E, Bodmer WF, Dupont B, Mach B, Mayr WR, Sasazuki T, Schreuder GMT, Strominger JL, Svejgaard A, Terasaki PI (1990) Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989. Tissue Antigens 35: 1–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Brown JH, Jardetzky T, Saper MA, Samraoui B, Bjorkman PJ, Wiley DC (1988) A hypothetical model of the foreign antigen binding site of class II histocompatibility molecules. Nature 332: 845–850

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Charron DJ, Lotteau V, Turmel P (1984) Hybrid HLA-DC antigens provide molecular evidence for gene trans-complementation. Nature 132: 157–159

    Google Scholar 

  8. Colombani J (1990) Conserved and variable structures in HLA class I molecules: a review. Tissue Antigens 35: 103–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dupont B (ed) (1989) Immunobiology of HLA (Vols I and II). Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  10. Flomenberg N (1989) Functional polymorphisms of HLA class II gene products detected by T-lymphocyte clones: summary of the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop cellular studies. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 532–550

    Google Scholar 

  11. Garrett TPJ, Saper MA, Bjorkman PJ, Strominger JL, Wiley DC (1989) Specificity pockets for the side chains of peptide antigens in HLA-Aw68. Nature 342: 692–696

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hyldig-Nielsen JJ, Svejgaard A (1989) Workshop report for the HLA-DP region. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 867–876

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kalil J, Ward S, Tyan D, Coppin H, Satz L, Degos L, Dyer E (1989) Final Workshop report: HLA class I RFLP. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 877–881

    Google Scholar 

  14. Khalil I, d'Auriol L, Gobet M, Morin L, Lepage V, Deschamps I, Park MS, Degos L, Galibert F, Hors J (1990) A combination of HLA-DQβ Asp57-negative and HLA-DQα Arg52 confers susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 85: 1315–1319

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Klein J (1986) Natural history of the major histocompatibility complex. Wiley and Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  16. Knowles RW (1989) Structural polymorphism of the HLA class II α and β chains: summary of the 10th Workshop 2-D gel analysis. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 365–380

    Google Scholar 

  17. Maeda M, Murayama N, Ishii H, Uryu N, Ota M, Tsuji K, Inoko H (1989) A simple and rapid method for HLA-DQA1 genotyping by digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with allele specific restriction endonucleases. Tissue Antigens 34: 290–298

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Maeda M, Uryu N, Murayama N, Ishii H, Ota M, Tsuji K, Inoko H (1990) A simple and rapid method for HLA-DP genotyping by digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with allele-specific restriction endonucleases. Hum Immunol 27: 111–121

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Marsh SGE, Bodmer JG (1989) HLA-DR and -DQ epitopes and monoclonal antibody specificity. Immunol Today 10: 305–312

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mayr WR (1988) Das HLA System. In: Mueller-Eckhardt C (ed) Transfusionsmedizin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 173–193

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mayr WR (1989) HLA polymorphisms. In: Endler AT, Hanash S (eds) Two-dimensional electrophoresis. VCH, Weinheim, pp 112–119

    Google Scholar 

  22. McMichael AJ, Gotch FM, Santos-Aguado J, Strominger JL (1988) Effect of mutations and variations of HLA-A2 on recognition of a virus peptide epitope by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 9194–9198

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Milford EL, Yunis EJ (1989) New HLA antigens identified in the serologic studies of the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop, 1987. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 52–53

    Google Scholar 

  24. Möller G (ed) (1990) Phylogeny of the MHC complex. Immunol Rev 113

  25. Parham P, Lawlor DA, Lomen CE, Ennis PD (1989) Diversity and diversification of HLA-A, B, C alleles. J Immunol 142: 3937–3950

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Parham P, Lomen CE, Lawlor DA, Ways JP, Holmes N, Coppin HL, Salter RD, Wan AM, Ennis PD (1988) Nature of polymorphism in HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 4005–4009

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Saiki RK, Bugawan TL, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA (1986) Analysis of enzymatically amplified β-globin and HLA-DQα DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Nature 324: 163–166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Saiki RK, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis KB, Horn GT, Erlich HA, Arnheim N (1985) Enzymatic amplification of β-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230: 1350–1354

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Santos-Aguado J, Crimmins MAV, Mentzer SJ, Burakoff SJ, Strominger JL (1989) Alloreactivity studied with mutants of HLA-A2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8936–8940

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sargent CA, Dunham I, Trowsdale J, Campbell RD (1989) Human major histocompatibility complex contains genes for the major heat shock protein HSP70. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 1968–1972

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Scharf SJ, Horn GT, Erlich HA (1986) Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences. Science 233: 1076–1078

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Spielman RS, Baur MP, Clerget-Darpoux F (1989) Genetic analysis of IDDM: summary of GAW5 IDDM results. Genet Epidemiol 6: 43–58

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Spies T, Bresnahan M, Strominger JL (1989) Human major histocompatibility complex contains a minimum of 19 genes between the complement cluster and HLA-B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8955–8958

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Svejgaard A, Ryder LP (1989) HLA and insulin-dependent diabetes: an overview. Genet Epidemiol 6: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  35. Todd JA (1990) Genetic control of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Immunol Today 11: 122–129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Todd JA, Bell JI, McDevitt HO (1987) HLA-DQβ gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature 329: 599–604

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Trucco M, Ball E, Carcassi C, Dombrausky L, Cascino I, Boehm B, Hoover M, Mehra N, Balakrishnan K, Contu L (1989) RFLP analysis of DQ-beta chain gene: Workshop report. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 860–867

    Google Scholar 

  38. Uryu N, Maeda M, Ota M, Tsuji K, Inoko H (1990) A simple and rapid method for HLA-DRB and -DQB typing by digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with allele specific restriction endonucleases. Tissue Antigens 35: 20–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang SY (1989) Population analysis of class I HLA antigens by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis: Workshop summary report. In: Dupont B (ed) Immunobiology of HLA, Vol I. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 309–331

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Pauwelstrasse 30, W-5100, Aachen, Germany

    Wolfgang R. Mayr

Authors
  1. Wolfgang R. Mayr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mayr, W.R. HLA 1990. Blut 61, 207–212 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01744132

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01744132

Key words

Search

Navigation