Abstract
InChironomus thummi, puffing changes induced by galactose treatment (sugar effect) are restricted to the Br1/BR2 (Balbiani ring) system. No obvious induction of additional BRs such as BR6 inCamptochironomus pallidivittatus occurs. The response to feeding galactose (or other sugars), i.e. BR2 regression and concomitant BR1 activation, usually takes 24–48 h but can be accelerated somewhat by the application of two 6 h galactose treatments separated by an 18 h interval without sugar. In the “special cells” composing the lateral lobe of the salivary gland galactose causes regression on BR2 without concomitant BR1 activation which, however, appears delayed. The autonomous collapse of BR2 therefore could be considered as the primary effect of galactose at the puffing level. On the other hand, inhibition experiments performed with cycloheximide (CHM) emphasize the relevance of translational events in the control of the sugar effect. At highly inhibitory doses, CHM prevents the induction or causes reactivation of galactose-repressed BR2, suggesting that both induction and maintenance of the galactose effect are dependent on newly synthesized proteins.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida JC, Edström JE (1983) Inhibition of Balbiani ring transcription following differential arrest of Balbiani ring-coded translation. Chromosoma 88:343–348
Baeurle AP, Baltimore D (1988) Activation of DNA-binding activity in apparently cytoplasmic precursor of the NF-KB transcription factor. Cell 53:211–217
Beermann W (1971) Effect ofα-amanitine on puffing and intranuclear RNA-synthesis in Chironomus salivary glands. Chromosoma 34:152–167
Beermann W (1973) Directed changes in the pattern of Balbiani ring puffing in Chironomus: effects of a sugar treatment. Chromosoma 41:297–326
Beermann W, Bahr GF (1954) The submicroscopic structure of the Balbiani ring. Exp Cell Res 6:195–201
Bienz M, Pelham HRB (1987) Mechanism of Heat-Shock gene activation in higher eukaryotes. Adv Genet 24:31–72
Botella L, Grond C, Saiga H, Edström JE (1988) Nuclear localization of a DNA-binding C-terminal domain from Balbiani ring coded secretory protein. EMBO J 7:3881–3888
Chambon P, Dierich A, Gaub MP, Jakowlev S, Jongstra J, Krust A, Le Pennec JP, Oudet P, Reuberhuber T (1984) Promoter elements of genes coding for proteins and modulation of transcription by Estrogens and Progesterone. In: Greep RO (ed) Recent progress in hormone research, vol 40. Academic Press, New York, pp 1–42
Cortés E, Botella LM, Barettino D, Díez JL (1989) Identification of the spI products of BR genes in Chironomus thummi. Chromosoma, in press
Díez JL, Santa-Cruz MC, Villanueva A, Aller P (1980) Dependence of Balbiani ring puffing on protein synthesis. Chromosoma 81:263–269
Edström JE, Sierakowska H, Burvall K (1982) Dependence of Balbiani ring induction in Chronomus salivary glands on inorganic phosphate. Dev Biol 91:131–137
González GA, Yamamoto KK, Fischer WH, Karr D, Menzel P, Biggs W III, Vale WW, Montming MR (1989) A cluster of phosphorylation sites on the cyclic AMP-regulated nuclear factor CREB predicted by its sequence. Nature 337:749–752
Grond C, Saiga H, Edström JE (1987) The sp-I genes in the Balbiani Rings of Chironomus salivary glands. In: Hennig W (ed) Results and problems in cell differentiation, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 69–80
Hägele K (1975) Chironomus. In: King RC (ed) Handbook of genetics, vol 3. Northwestern University, pp 269–278
Hoeffler WK, Roeder RG (1988) Activation of transcription factor III C by the adenovirus EIA protein. Cell 53:907–920
Kao W-Y, Case ST (1986) Individual variations in the content of giant secretory polypeptides in salivary glands of chironomus. Chromosoma 94:475–482
Kolesnikov NN, Karakin EI, Sebeleva TE, Meyer L, Serfling E (1981) Cell-specific synthesis and glycosylation of secretory protein in larval salivary glands of Chironomus thummi. Chromosoma 83:661–677
Nelson LG, Daneholt B (1981) Modulation of 75S RNA synthesis in the Balbiani rings of Chironomus tentans with galactose treatment. Chromosoma 83:645–659
Pelling C (1964) Ribonucleinsaure-Synthese der Reisenchromosomen. Autorradiographische Untersuchungen an Chironomus tentans. Chromosoma 15:71–122
Ptashne M (1988) How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature 335:683–689
Ringborg U, Rydlander L (1971) Nucleolar derived ribonucleic acids in chromosomes nuclear sap, and cytoplasm of Chironomus tentans salivary gland cell. J Cell Biol 51:455–368
Robert M (1971) Einflub von ionenstarke und pH auf die differentielle Dekondesation der nukleoproteide isolierter speicheldrusen-zell-kerne und chromosomen von Chironomus thummi. Chromosoma 36:1–33
Rydlander L, Edström JE (1980) Large sized nascent protein as dominating component during protein synthesis in chironomus salivary glands. Chromosoma 81:85–99
Santa-Cruz MC, Díez JL (1979) Galactose induced Balbiani ring like structures in the chromosomes I and II of Chironomus thummi. Experientia 35:48–50
Santa-Cruz MC, Villanueva A, Díez JL (1978) Effect of galactose treatment in the puffing pattern of Chironomus thummi Balbiani rings. Chromosoma 69:93–100
Santa-Cruz MC, Morcillo G, Aller P, Díez JL (1981) Heat shock induced puffing changes in Chironomus thummi. Cell Differ 10:33–38
Santa-Cruz MC, Morcillo G, Díez JL (1984) Ultrastructure of temperature-induced Balbiani rings in Chironomus thummi. Bio Cell 52:205–212
Serfling E, Meyer L, Rudolph A, Steiner K (1983) Secretory proteins and Balbiani ring gene activities in salivary glands on Chironomus thummi larvae. Chromosoma 88:16–23
Skoglund U, Anderson K, Strandberg B, Daneholt B (1986) Three-dimensional structure of a specific pre-messenger RNP particle established by electron microscope tomography. Nature 319:560–564
Sorger PK, Pelham HRB (1988) Yeast heat-shock factor is an essential DNA binding protein that exhibits temperature-dependent phosphorylation. Cell 54:855–864
Yagi S (1984) Effects of ligation on ethanol-induced Balbiani ring puffing in salivary gland of Chironomus. Chromosoma 89:274–279
Yamamoto M (1970) Heat shock induced puffing in Balbiani rings. Chromosoma 32:171–190
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Present address: Departamento de Biología Cellular y Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Díez, J.L., Cortés, E., Merino, Y. et al. Galactose-induced puffing changes inChironomus thummi Balbiani rings and their dependence on protein synthesis. Chromosoma 99, 61–70 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01737290
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01737290