Natural history of HIV-infection in hemophiliacs: Clinical, immunological, and virological findings

Summary

At our institution 686 hemophiliacs are being treated. Of them 402 (59%) are anti-HIV-seropositive. The general use of heat-treated clotting factor products was begun in July 1983, and from May 1984 all patients exclusively used heat-treated clotting factors. Thus, one can assume that infection occurred no later than early 1984 in our patients. Since December 1985 HIV-positive hemophiliacs have regularly been clinically and immunologically examined. Most of the 306 patients who could be investigated were clinically symptom-free at the time of their first visit. However, 45 patients have developed AIDS from 1982 through August 1988. The mean survival time of hemophiliacs with AIDS is less than 6 months. In 36% of those 274 patients who have been followed for a mean period of 14 months the clinical stage of the disease worsened by at least one stage according to the classification system proposed by the Centers for Disease Control. We did not find a correlation between clotting-factor consumption during the years 1984–1986 and the actual clinical stage of the patients. Virus isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBIs) answered the question whether anti-HIV seropositive hemophiliacs are not only immunized but really infected in many more cases than those revealed by detection of p24 antigen or decline of p24 antibody. Positive viral culture correlated strongly with a drop in CD4⁺ lymphocytes under the level of 400/µl. However, HIV could not be cultured regularly in advanced cases, suggesting that virus replication in PBLs is not necessarely the cause of depletion of T-helper cells. There is no evidence that the natural history of HIV infection in hemophiliacs is different from that in other HIV-infected patients.