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Effects of tyramine on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in normal and hypertensive subjects

Wirkungen von Tyramin auf Blutdruck und Plasma-Katecholamine bei Normalpersonen und bei essentieller Hypertonie

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Summary

Responses of blood pressure and plasma catecholamines to intravenous injection of tyramine at increasing dosage (30, 45, and 60 µg/kg, respectively) were evaluated in 25 normal subjects and 20 patients with mild essential hypertension. Basal plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations before tyramine injections were similar in the two groups. Following tyramine injection, plasma epinephrine was unchanged. Responses of plasma catecholamines and blood pressure to tyramine were similar in the two groups. Plasma norepinephrine increased significantly 2 min after a dose of 30 µg/kg, but higher tyramine doses failed to produce a further increase in plasma norepinephrine. In contrast, pressor responses to tyramine were dose-dependent. Maximal pressor responses were observed within 2 min after injection. These findings reveal a dissociation between changes in blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine following injection of tyramine. Lack of steady state may limit the value of tyramine bolus injections as a tool for the quantitation of pressor responsiveness to variations in endogenous sympathetic output. Alternatively, it is possible that the pressor effects of tyramine may be mediated at least in part by a norepinephrine independent mechanism.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 25 Normalpersonen und 20 Patienten mit leichter essentieller Hypertonie wurde das Verhalten von Blutdruck und Plasmakatecholaminen unter intravenösen Tyramin-Injektionen in steigenden Dosen von 30, 45 und 60 µg/kg untersucht. Die Basalwerte der Plasmakatecholamine waren in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar. Nach Tyramininjektion blieb Plasma-Adrenalin unverändert. Der Effekt von Tyramin auf Plasma-Noradrenalin und Blutdruck war in beiden Gruppen gleich. Obschon bereits eine Dosis von 30 µg/kg Tyramin 2 min nach Injektion einen signifikanten Anstieg von Plasma-Noradrenalin bewirkte, nahm letzteres unter den höheren Tyramindosen nicht weiter zu. Dagegen waren die Tyramininduzierten Blutdruckanstiege dosisabhängig. Der maximale Pressoreffekt ergab sich innerhalb der ersten 2 min nach Tyramin-Injektion. Diese Befunde zeigen eine Diskrepanz zwischen dem Verhalten von Blutdruck und Plasma-Noradrenalin nach Tyramin-Bolusinjektionen. Das Nichterreichen eines Gleichgewichtzustandes zwischen freigesetzten Neurotransmittern und Noradrenalin im Blut könnte den Wert einer Tyramin-Injektion als Methode zur quantitativen Erfassung der Reaktivität gegenüber Variationen der endogenen Sympathikusaktivität beim Menschen einschränken. Andererseits erscheint es möglich, daß die pressorische Wirkung von Tyramin teilweise durch einen Noradrenalin-unabhängigen Mechanismus vermittelt wird.

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This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation

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Bianchetti, M.G., Minder, I., Beretta-Piccoli, C. et al. Effects of tyramine on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in normal and hypertensive subjects. Klin Wochenschr 60, 465–470 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01720361

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