Summary
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome was sought in the saliva of 76 chronic HCV carriers (mean age nearly 60 years) in a rural Japanese twon, who had high serum titers of c-100 and anti-core second generation antibodies. In 27 samples (27 cases, 36%), the HCV-RNA genome was detected by the reverse transcriptase — polymerase chain reaction with either of two sets of primers covering two regions of the HCV genome: the 5'noncoding region and the region encompassing the putative envelope (E1). Transaminase values at the time of sampling were higher in the patients with than in those without detectable HCV RNA in saliva (p=0.04 for alanine aminotransferase, p=0.04 for aspartate aminotransferase; Wilcoxon test). The prevalence of the positivity was higher by 5'noncoding primers (14/59 vs. 15/68). Our data show that the severity and duration of hepatic dysfunction influence the detectability of the HCV genome in the saliva. This has been a controversial point among investigators.
Zusammenfassung
Das Genom des Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV) wurde im Speichel von 76 chronischen HCV-Trägern (Durchschnittsalter knapp 60 Jahre), die einen hohen c-100-Serum-Titer und Core-Antikörper der zweiten Generation aufweisen und in einer ländlichen Stadt in Japan leben, gesucht. In 27 Proben (27 Fälle, 36%) wurde das HCV-RNA-Genom nachgewiesen durch reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion mit beiden Primer-Sätzen, die zwei Regionen des HCV-Genomes einschließen: die 5′-nichtkodierende Region und die die mutmaßliche Hülle umgebende Region (E1). Die Transaminasen-Werte zur Zeit der Probenahme waren bei Patienten mit HCV-RNA im Speichel höher als bei denjenigen ohne feststellbare HCV-RNA (p=0.04 für Alaninaminotransferase, p=0.04 für Aspartataminotransferase; Wilcoxon-Test). Zwar war die Häufigkeit der Positivität bei 5′-nichtkodierenden Primern höher (14/59 gegenüber 15/68), aber die Differenz war nicht signifikant. Unsere Daten zeigen, daß die Schwere und die Dauer der Leberfunktionsstörung die Nachweisbarkeit des HCV-Genoms im Speichel beeinflussen, was ein strittiger Punkt unter den Forschern war.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alter, M. J. Inapparent transmission of hepatitis C: foot prints in sand. Hepatology 14 (1991) 389–390.
Alter, M. J. Transmission of hepatitis C virus — route, dose, and titer. New Engl. J. Med. 330 (1994) 784–786.
Caporaso, N., Morisco, F., Romano, M., Zembrino, M., Coltorti, M. Familial clustering of hepatitis C virus infection and chronic liver disease. Ital. J. Gastroenterol. 22 (1990) 281–282.
Kamitsukasa, H., Harada, J., Yakura, M., Fukuda, A., Ohbayashi, A., Saito, I., Miyamura, T., Choo, Q. L., Houghton, M., Kuo, G. Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lancet ii (1989) 987.
Menendez, S. R., Garcia, R. M., San Roman, S. F., Tevar, M. F., Gonzalez, A. S., Navascues, C. A., Alvarez, R. P., Saez, L. R. Intrafamilial spread of hepatitis C virus. Infection 19 (1991) 431–433.
Hsu, H. H., Wright, T. L., Luba, D., Martin, M., Feinstone, S. M., Garcia, G., Greenberg, H. B. Failure to detect hepatitis C virus genome in human secretions with polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology 14 (1991) 763–765.
Abe, K., Kurata, T., Shikata, T., Sugitani, M., Oda, T. Experimental transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis by saliva. J. Infect. Dis. 155 (1987) 1078–1079.
Ogasawara, S., Kage, M., Kosai, K., Shimamatsu, K., Kojiro, M. Hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva and breast milk of hepatitis C carrier mothers. Lancet 341 (1993) 561.
Haddad, J., Deny, P., Munz-Gotheil, C., Ambrosini, J. C., Trinchet, J. C., Pateron, D., Mal, F., Calard, P., Beargrand, M. Lymphocytic sialoadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease. Lancet 339 (1992) 321–324.
Takamatsu, K., Koyanagi, Y., Okita, K., Yamamoto, N. Hepatitis C virus in saliva. Lancet 336 (1990) 1515.
Wang, J. T., Wang, T. H., Lin, J. T., Sheu, J. C., Lin, S. M., Chen, D. S. Hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis C infection. Lancet 337 (1991) 48.
Chomiczynski, P., Sacchi, N. Single step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162 (1987) 156–159.
Takeuchi, K., Boonmar, S., Kubo, Y., Katayama, T., Harada, H., Ohbayashi, A., Choo, Q. L., Kuo, G., Houghton, M., Saitoh, I., Miyamura, T. Hepatitis C viral cDNA clones isolated from a healthy carrier donor implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Gene 91 (1990) 287–291.
Takeuchi, K., Kubo, Y., Boonmar, S., Watanabe, Y., Katayama, T., Choo, Q. L., Kuo, G., Houghton, M., Saitoh, I., Miyamura, T. Nucleotide sequences of core and envelope genes of the hepatitis C virus genome derived directly from human healthy carriers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (1990) 4626.
Okamoto, H., Okada, S., Sugiyama, Y., Yotsumoto, S., Tanaka, T., Yoshizawa, H., Tsuda, F., Miyakawa, Y., Mayumi, M. The 5′-terminal sequence of the hepatitis C virus genome. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 60 (1990) 167–177.
Inoue, Y., Miyamura, T., Unayama, T., Takahashi, K., Saitoh, I. Maternal transfer of HCV. Nature 353 (1991) 609.
Fried, M. W., Shindo, M., Fong, T. I., Fox, P. C., Hoofnagel, I. H., DiBiscegle, A, M. Absence of hepatitis C saliva and semen of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 102 (1992) 1306–1308.
Young, K. C., Cgang, T. T., Liou, T. C., Wu, H. L. J. Med. Virol. 41 (1993) 55–60.
Zaaijer, H. L., Cuypers, H. T. M., Reesink, H. W., Winkel, I. N., Gerken, G., Lelie, P. N. Reliability of polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 341 (1993) 722–724.
Hagiwara, H., Hayashi, N., Mita, E., Naito, M., Kasahara, A., Fusamoto, H., Kamada, T. Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum of asymptomatic blood donors and patients with type C chronic liver disease. Hepatology 17 (1993) 545–550.
Komiyama, K., Moro, I., Matsuda, Y., Morshed, S., Nishioka, M., Hayashi, N., Shikata, T. HCV in saliva of chronic hepatitis patients having dental treatment. Lancet 338 (1991) 572–573.
Bresters, D., Mauser-Bunschoten, E. P., Reesink, H. W., Roosendaal, G., van der Poel, C. L., Chamuleau, R. A. F. M., Jansen, P. L. M., Weegink, C. J., Cuypers, H. T. M., Lelie, P. N., van der Berg, H. M. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 342 (1993) 210–211.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sugimura, H., Harada, H., Kino, I. et al. Correlation of detectability of hepatitis C virus genome in saliva of elderly Japanese symptomatic HCV carriers with their hepatic function. Infection 23, 258–262 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716281
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716281