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The outer surface protein A (OspA) ofBorrelia burgdorferi: A vaccine candidate and bioactive mediator

Das Oberflächenprotein „Outer surface protein A (OspA)“ vonBorrelia burgdorferi: eine mögliche Vakzine und ein biologisch aktives Mediatormolekül

  • Special Addendum — Part II
  • Therapy And Prophylaxis In Lyme Borreliosis
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Summary

In the search for a suitable vaccine candidate for Lyme borreliosis the principles of protective immunity were studied in a murine model ofBorrelia burgdorferi infection. It was found that the spirochetal outer surface protein A (lipOspA) in its native and recombinant lipidated form induces monospecific immune sera, which in passive transfer experiments protect SCID mice against experimental and tick-borne infection and disease. These and similar findings of independent groups led to the development of a vaccine formulation containing lipOspA. When tested in clinical phase I/II safety trials the recombinant lipOspA vaccine was shown to be safe, immunogenic and able to elicit borreliacidal antibodies. At present, clinical phase III efficacy trials are being conducted.B. burgdorferi infection involves the dissemination of the spirochetes from the site of the tick bite, infection of distant organs, and induction of a chronic inflammatory process. Recent studies indicate that the spirochetes may utilize host-derived enzyme systems to increase their virulence/pathogenicity. It was found that lipOspA serves as a surface receptor for the host-derived proteolytic enzyme plasmin(ogen), the central component of the so-called plasminogen activator system. Moreover, it was found that spirochetes are able to activate endothelial cells and blood-derived leukocytes, such as monocytes/macrophages, B cells and T cells, to express functions and/or secrete molecules, which are known to promote inflammatory responses. Part of these activities were exerted by the isolated lipOspA. The studies indicate an important role of lipOspA, both for the induction of a protective immune response by the host, as well as for the pathogenic processes elicited duringB. burgdorferi infection.

Zusammenfassung

Bei Untersuchungen zur Impfstoffentwicklung gegen dieBorrelia burgdorferi-Infektion haben wir grundlegende Prinzipien der protektiven Immunantwort in einem murinen Modell erarbeitet. Wir fanden, daß das Oberflächenlipoprotein „outer surface protein A (lipOspA)“ in nativer und rekombinanter lipidierter Form monospezifische Immunseren induziert, die in passiven Transferexperimenten immuninkompetente (SCID) Mäuse gegen experimentelle und zeckenvermittelte Infektion und Erkrankung schützen. Diese Befunde zusammen mit ähnlichen Befunden anderer Arbeitsgruppen führten zur Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs auf der Basis des lipOspA. In klinischen Phase I/II Prüfungen erwies sich der rekombinante lipOspA-Impfstoff als verträglich und immunogen und fähig zur Induktion bakterizider anti-Borrelien-Antikörper. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt werden klinische Phase III-Prüfungen zur Untersuchung der protektiven Effizienz durchgeführt. Ausgehend von der Stelle des Zeckenbisses kommt es bei derB. burgdorferi-Infektion zur Verbreitung der Spirochäten in entfernte Organe und zur Induktion einer chronischen Entzündung. Kürzlich durchgeführte Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Borrelien möglicherweise wirtseigene humorale Enzymsysteme rekrutieren, die ihnen die Ausbreitung erleichtern. In diesem Zusammenhang fanden wir, daß das lipOspA als ein Oberflächenrezeptor für das wirtseigene proteolytische Enzym Plasmin(ogen) fungiert. Darüber hinaus konnten wir zeigen, daß Borrelien in der Lage sind, vaskuläre Endothelzellen und Leukozyten, wie Monozyten/Makrophagen, B Zellen und T Zellen, zu aktivieren. Die aktivierten Zellen exprimieren Funktionen und sezernieren Moleküle mit proinflammatorischer Wirkung. Ein Teil der stimulierenden Aktivitäten konnte auf das gereinigte lipOspA zurückgeführt werden. Unsere Studien weisen demnach darauf hin, daß lipOspA als Zielstruktur protektiver Antikörper nicht nur eine wichtige Rolle bei der Induktion einer protektiven Immunantwort, sondern auch bei den pathogenen Reaktionen im Rahmen derB. burgdorferi-Infektion spielt.

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Kramer, M.D., Wallich, R. & Simon, M.M. The outer surface protein A (OspA) ofBorrelia burgdorferi: A vaccine candidate and bioactive mediator. Infection 24, 190–194 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01713338

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