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Clinical course and prognosis of brucella spondylitis

Klinischer Verlauf und Prognose der Spondylitis bei Bruzellose

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Summary

A multicentre prospective study of 593 patients with brucellosis, of whom 58 (9.7%) had spondylitis, was performed in order to evaluate the possible clinical, radiological and evolutionary differences in the different segments of the spinal column. Five of the patients with cervical spondylitis (71%) had compression of the medulla or roots, versus just two (11%) in the dorsal group and nine (21%) in the lumbar group (p<0.05). There were no other clinical, haematological or biochemical differences between the three spinal segments, and both the serological response and the percentage of positive blood cultures were also similar in the three groups. The patients with cervical and dorsal spondylitis had a significantly higher number of paravertebral and/or epidural masses than those with lumbar spondylitis (p<0.05). Seventy-one percent of the patients with cervical spondylitis made unsatisfactory progress, versus 11% and 5% of those in the dorsal and lumbar groups, respectively (p<0.05 and p<0.001). In conclusion, given the high incidence of paravertebral and/or epidural masses, the neurological involvement, and the high rate of important functional disabilities, cervical spondylitis should be considered to be a very severe complication of brucellosis, and its treatment and follow-up must therefore be energetic and rigorous in order to detect and correct as early as possible compressions of the neural axis and its roots.

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Studie mit 593 an Bruzellose erkrankten Patienten wurden 58 Fälle von Spondylitis (9,7%) beobachtet. Mögliche Unterschiede in der klinischen und radiologischen Symptomatik und im Verlauf bei den verschiedenen Segmentlokalisationen wurden analysiert. Eine Kompression des Rückenmarks oder der Nervenwurzeln wurde bei fünf Patienten mit zervikaler Spondylitis beobachtet (71%), bei zwei (11%) im thorakalen Bereich und bei neun (21%) im lumbalen Bereich (p<0,05). In den klinischen, hämatologischen und biochemischen Befunden fanden sich sonst keine Unterschiede zwischen den drei Gruppen; die serologischen Befunde und Anzahl der Fälle mit positiver Blutkultur waren ebenfalls vergleichbar. Im Zervikal- und Thorakalbereich trat signifikant häufiger eine paravertebrale und/oder epidurale entzündliche Geschwulst auf als bei Spondylitis im Lumbalbereich (p<0,05). Die Therapieergebnisse waren bei 71% der Patienten mit zervikaler Spondylitis unbefriedigend, bei thorakaler Spondylitis nur in 11% und bei lumbalem Befall in 5% der Fälle (p<0,05, beziehungsweise p<0,001). Die zervikale Spondylitis mit ihrem hohen Anteil an paravertebraler und/oder epiduraler Entzündungs-reaktion und neurologischen Störungen mit funktionellen Ausfällen muß folglich als eine sehr schwere Komplikation der Bruzellose angesehen werden. Sie erfordert eine effiziente und konsequent durchgeführte Therapie und Verlaufsbeobachtung, um rechtzeitig Kompressionen des Rückenmarks und der Nervenwurzeln zu erkennen und möglichst frühzeitig einer Entlastungstherapie zuzuführen.

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Colmenero, J.D., Orjuela, D.L., Garcia-Portales, R. et al. Clinical course and prognosis of brucella spondylitis. Infection 20, 38–42 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704893

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