References
Beritic T, Pripic-Majic D, Karacic V, Telisman S (1977) ALA.D/EP ratio as a measure of lead toxicity. J Occup Med 19:551–557
Bortoli A, Fazzin G, Marin U, Trabuio G, Zotti S (1986) Relationship between blood lead concentration and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in alcoholics and workers industrially exposed to lead. Arch Environ Health 41(4):251–260.
Chisolm J J Jr (1974) Disturbances in the Biosynthesis of heme in lead intoxication. J Pediatr 64:174–187.
Clausen J, Rastogi SC (1977) Heavy metal pollution among autoworkers. 1. Lead. Br J Ind Med 34:208–215
Cramer K (1966) pre-disposing factors for lead poisoning. Acta Med Scand 179 (Suppl. 445):56
David N R, Curtis E C, John M, Fertig A (1982) Screening for lead toxicity among autobody repair workers. Am J Ind Med 3:405–412
Giri S K, Shields C K, Little John D, Ottaway J L (1983) Determination of lead in whole blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry using graphite probe atomisation. Analyst 108:244–252
Grandjean P (1979) Occupational lead exposure in Denmark: Screening with hematofluorometer. BR J Ind Med 36:52–58
Grandjean P, Fischbein A (1980) Diseases associated with exposure to metals. In: Last J M (ed) “Public health and preventive medicine”. Appleton — Century Crafts, New York, pp 648–655
Granick J L, Sassa S, Granick S, Levere R D, Kappas A (1973) Studies in lead poisoning. II Correlation between the ratio of activated to inactivated Aminolevulinicacid dehydratase of whole blood level. Biochem Med 8:149–159
Guerin M R, Rubin I B, Rao T K, Clark B R, Epler J L (1981) Distribution of mutagenic activity in petroleum and petroleum substitutes. Fuel 60:282–288
Heller J R, Labbe R F, Nutter J (1971) A Simplified assay for porphyrins in whole blood. Clin Chem 17:525–528
Lamola A A, Yamane T (1974) Zinc protoporphyrins in the erythrocytes of patients with lead poisoning and iron deficiency anemia. Science 186:936–938
Lilis R, Valciukas J A, Singer R, Glickman L, Kon S, Sarkozi L, Campbell C, Selikoff I J (1981) Assessment of lead health hazards in an autobody shop of an automobile assembly plant. Report to national institute of environmental health sciences, June 1, U.S.A. 1981
Ludwig J H, Diggs D R, Hesselberg H E, Maga J A (1965) Survey of lead in the atmosphere of three urban communities a summary. Amer Ind Hyg Assoc J 26:270–284
Millar J A, Baltistein V, Cumming R L C, Carswell F, Goldberg A (1970) lead and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase levels in mentally retarded children and in lead poisoned suckling rats. Lancet 11:695–698
Quinn M J (1985) Factors affecting blood lead concentrations in the UK. Results of the EEC blood lead surveys 1979-81. Int J Epid 14:420–431
Raghavan S R V, Dwight — Culver B, Gonick H C (1980) Erythrocyte lead binding protein after occupational exposure. Environ Research 22:264–269
Sassa S, Granick S, Kappas A (1975) Effect of lead and genetic factors on heme biosynthesis in human red cell. Ann N Y Acad Sci 244:419–440
Sassa S (1978) Toxic effects of lead with particular reference to porphyrin and heme metabolism. In: De matties F, Aldridge WN (eds) Hand Book of experimental pharmacology, Vol. 44, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 333
Shemin D (1975) Structure and function of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. “Porphyrins in human diseases”, 1st International porphyrin meeting, Freiberg, Germany, p 15
Tomokuni K, Ogata M (1976) Relationship between lead concentration in blood and biological response for porphyrin metabolism in workers occupationally exposed to lead. Arch Toxicol 35:239–246
World Health Organization (1977) Environmental Health Criteria. 3. Lead. WHO: Geneva
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Somashekaraiah, B.V., Venkaiah, B. & Prasad, A.R.K. Biochemical diagnosis of occupational exposure to lead toxicity. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44, 268–275 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01700146
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01700146