Summary
A cluster analysis of 2907 accessions of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) from 16 provinces of China and 22 other countries was carried out, using nine morphological and agronomic descriptors. The populations from different geographical origins were grouped into twelve clusters. The results revealed the existence of high levels of variation for all characters observed among regions and suggested a multiple domestication hypothesis with three centers, i.e., China, Europe and Afghanistan-Lebanon. A new system of classification recognizing four races, i.e., maxima, moharia, indica and nana, of foxtail millet is proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1984. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Analytical Chemists. North Nineteenth Street Suite 210. Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
Chang, K.C., 1986. The archacology of ancient China. 4th ed. Yale University Press. New Haven.
Chang, T.T., 1991. Guidelines on developing core collections of rice cultigens. In: Rice Germplasm: Collecting, Preservation, Use. pp. 105–107. IRRI, Philippines
Chikara, J. & P.K. Gupta, 1979. Karyological studies in the genusSetaria. 1. Variability withSetaria italica (L.) Beauv. J. Cytol. Genet. 14: 75–79.
Dekaprelevich, L.L. & A.S. Kasparian, 1928. A contribution to the study of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.B. subsp.maxima Alef.) culivated in Georgia (western Transcaucasis). Bull. Appl. Bot. Plant Breed. 19: 533–572.
Gao, M.J. & J.J. Chen, 1988. Isozyme studies on the origin of cultivated foxtail millet. Acta Agronomica Sinica 14: 132–136. (In Chinese).
Gritzenko, R.J., 1960. Chumiza (Italain millet, taxonomy (Setaria italica (L.) subsp.maxima Alef.). Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. Plant Breed. 32: 145–182.
Harlan, J.R., 1992. Origins and processes of domestication. In: G.P. Chapman (Ed). Grass Evolution and Domestication, pp. 159–175. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hubbard, F.T., 1915. A taxonomic study ofSetaria italica and its immediate allies. Amer. J. Bot. 2: 169–198.
Ji, Y.F., 1991. Primary studies on karyotypes and classification of germplasm resources of foxtail millet. MS thesis, CAAS. (In Chinese).
Jusuf, M. & Pemès, 1985. Genetic variability of foxtail millet (Setaria italica P. Beauv.). Electrophoretic study of five isoenzyme systems. Theor. Appl. Genet. 71: 385–391.
Kawase, M. & S. Sakamoto, 1984. Variation, geographical distribution and genetic analysis of esterase isozyme in foxtail millet.Setaria italica (L.). P. Beauv. Theor. Appl. Genet. 67: 529–533.
Kawase, M. & S. Sakamoto, 1987. Geographical distribution of landraces groups classified by hybrid pollen sterility in foxtail millet.Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Japan J. Breed. 37: 1–9.
Li, Y., Y.S. Cao & S.Z. Wu, 1995. Establishment of a core collection for foxtail millet. Plant Genet. Res. Newslett. (submitted).
Li, Y., S.Z. Wu & Y.F. Ji, 1991. Agronomic performances of foxtail millet germplasm from abroad and their prospect for utilization in China. Millet Crops (3): 15–19. (In Chinese).
Maissurian, N.A., 1929. The millet of Georgia. Bull. Appl. Bot. Plant Breed. 22: 147–184.
Mittre, V., 1968. Prehistoric records of agriculture in India. Trans. Bose Res. Inst. Calcutta 31: 87–106.
Nguyen, E. van & J. Pemès, 1985. Genetic diversity of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). In: P. Jacquard et al. (Eds). Genetic Differentiation and Dispersal in Plants, pp. 98–104. NATO ASI series, Vol. G5, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Prasado Rao, K.E., J.M.J. de Wet, D.E. Brink & M.H. Mengesha, 1987. Infraspecific variation and systematics of cultivatedSetaria italica, foxtail millet (Poaceae). Econ. Bot. 41: 108–116.
Prasada Rao, K.E., J.M.J. de Wet, V. Gopal Reddy & M.H. Mengesha, 1993. Diversity in the small millets collection at ICRISAT. In: K.W. Riley, S.C. Gupta, A. Seetharam & J.N. Mushonga (Eds). Advances in Small Millets, pp. 331–346. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Sakamoto, S., 1987. Origin and dispersal of common millet and foxtail millet. JARQ 21 (22): 84–89.
Sato, M. & T. Kokubu, 1988. Morphological of Italian millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) among seed collecting areas. Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagoshima Univ. 24: 101–109.
Seetharam, A., K.W. Riley & G. Harinarayana, 1989. Small Millets in Global Agriculture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.
Vavilov, N.I., 1926. Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Plants, p. 248. Inst. Appl. Bot. Plant Breed., Leningrad.
Ward, J.H., 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J. Amer. Stat. Ass. 58: 236–244.
Werth, E., 1937. Zur Geographie und Geschichte der Hirsen. Angew. Bot. 19: 42–88.
de Wet, J.M.J., L.L. Oestry-Stidd & J.I. Cubero, 1979. Origins and evolution of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). J. d'Agric. Trad. et de Bota. 26: 53–64.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Wu, S. & Cao, Y. Cluster analysis of an international collection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.). Euphytica 83, 79–85 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01677864
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01677864