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Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis of site of recurrence

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Abstract

Persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy with forearm implant may be caused by hyperplastic grafted tissue, residual parathyroid tissue left in the neck or the presence of a supernumerary gland not found during surgery. A correct assessment of graft function is needed to localize the source of hormone excess and to avoid an unnecessary neck reoperation in cases of graft dependent hyperparathyroidism. In 12 patients with relapsing hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy with forearm implant, total ischemic blockade of the arm bearing the parathyroid graft produced a “transitory implantectomy” with a significant reduction of serum levels of intact PTH in those with graft hyperfunction. In 6 patients with proved supernumerary glands, total ischemia of the graft was not followed by significant changes in intact PTH. Hyperparathyroidism was reversed after surgical resection of the parathyroid implants in the 6 patients with positive responses to the ischemic maneuver. A repeat neck reoperation removing cervical or mediastinal supernumerary glands was followed by control of recurrent hyperparathyroidism in the 6 patients with a negative response to the ischemic blockade. Total ischemic blockade of the arm bearing the parathyroid graft is a valuable new method for a correct assessment of graft function after total parathyroidectomy with forearm autotransplantation.

Résumé

La persistance ou la récidive de l'hyperparathyroïdie après la parathyroïdectomie totale avec réimplantation de tissu parathyroïde dans l'avant-bras peut être due soit à l'hyperplasie du tissu transplanté, soit au tissu parathyroïde cervical oublié ou méconnu, soit à la présence d'une glande surnuméraire. Pour éviter une réexploration du cou inutile, nous préconisons de faire un bilan de la fonction du greffon avec localisation de la source exacte de l'excès de production hormonale. Chez 12 patients ayant une hyperparathyroïdie récidivante après parathyroïdectomie totale avec réimplantation parathyroïde dans l'avant-bras, le test de l'ischémic provoquée de l'avant-bras par garrot déclenchait une réduction transitoire mais importante du taux de parathormone (PTH) intacte dans le sérum chez les patients avec greffon hyperplasique. Le taux de PTH n'a pas varié chez 6 patients qui avaient une hyperparathyroïdie en rapport avec une glande parathyroïde surnuméraire prouvée. Chez 6 autres patients, l'ablation du greffon a normalisé les taux de PTH. Une nouvelle exploration cervicale ou médiastinale supérieure pour enlever les glandes surnuméraires a réussi à normaliser les taux de PTH lorsque l'ischémic provoquée de l'avant-bras était negative. L'ischémic provoquée du bras porteur du greffon est une manoeuvre nouvelle utile pour évaluer la fonction du greffon après auto-transplantation dans l'avantbras.

Resumen

El hiperparatiroidismo persistente o recurrente después de paratiroidectomía total con implantación en el antebrazo puede ser causado por hiperplasia del tejido trasplantado, por tejido paratiroideo residual en el cuello o por la presencia de una glándula supernumeraria no identificada en el curso de la operación. Es necesario determinar la función del trasplante a fin de ubicar la fuente de la producción excesiva de hormona y evitar reoperaciones innecesarias en el cuello en casos de hiperparatiroidismo dependiente del trasplante. En doce pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo recurrente después de paratiroidectomía total con implante en el antebrazo, el bloqueo isquémico total del brazo que contiene el trasplante produjo una “implantectomía transitoria” con reducción importante del nivel sérico de HPT intacta en los paciente con hiperfunción del trasplante. En seis pacientes con glándulas supernumerarias demostradas, la isquemia total del trasplante no resultó en cambios significativos del nivel de HPT intacta. Se logró la reversión del hiperparatiroidismo después de la implantectomía quirúrgica en los seis pacientes que presentaron respuesta positiva a la maniobra isquémica. Una nueva reoperación cervical para resecar glándulas supernumerarias cervicales o mediastinales resultó en el control de hiperparatiroidismo en los restantes seis pacientes con respuesta negativa al bloqueo isquémico. El bloqueo isquémico total del brazo que contiene el trasplante paratiroideo es un valioso y novel método para la correcta valoración de la función del trasplante después de paratiroidectomía total con autotrasplante en el antebrazo.

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Casanova, D., Sarfati, E., De Francisco, A. et al. Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis of site of recurrence. World J. Surg. 15, 546–549 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675660

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