Skip to main content
Log in

Can hepatic failure after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients be prevented?

  • Original Scientific Reports
  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To study the causes of postoperative hepatic failure in cirrhotic patients undergoing resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, we evaluated data on 126 cirrhotic patients surgically treated from 1977 to 1987. The records of 102 patients with a good postoperative course (survival group) and 24 patients who developed hepatic failure and died (hepatic failure group) were reviewed. No difference in preoperative liver function was apparent between the 2 groups. Histologically, moderate to severe inflammatory activity in the liver was present in 20 (83%) of 24 patients in the hepatic failure group. Major hepatic resections (lobectomy and extended lobectomy) were more frequent in the hepatic failure group. Mean perioperative blood loss was 1,945 g and 4,322 g in the survival and hepatic failure groups, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.01). Major postoperative complications occurred in 22 (22%) of 102 patients in the survival group and major complications followed by hepatic failure occurred in 21 (88%) of 24 patients in the hepatic failure group, with a significant difference (p < 0.001).

In light of these data, we propose that: (a) histological examination should be done before the resection, (b) perioperative blood loss should be less than 2,000 g, and (c) intensive care is needed postoperatively to prevent complications which might lead to hepatic failure.

Résumé

Pour étudier les causes d'insuffisance hépatocellulaire postopératoire chez le cirrhotique ayant eu une résection hépatique pour carcinome hépatocellulaire, nous avons analysé les données chez 126 patients cirrhotiques opérés entre 1977 et 1987. On a revu les dossiers de 102 patients ayant eu une évolution postopératoire satisfaisante (groupe de survie) et de 24 patients qui ont développé une insuffisance hépatique et qui en sont morts (groupe d'insuffisance hépatocellulaire). On n'a pas pu mettre en évidence de différence de fonction hépatique préopératoire entre les 2 groupes. Du point de vue histologique, l'inflammation était modérée ou sévère chez 20 (83%) des 24 patients du 2e groupe. On a pratiqué des résections majeures (hépatectomies et hépatectomies élargies) plus nombreuses dans ce groupe. La perte sanguine périopératoire moyenne était de 1,945 et 4,322 g, respectivement, dans le groupe de survie et dans celui d'insuffisance hépatocellulaire. Cette différence est statistiquement significative (p < 0.01). On a observé des complications majeures chez 22 (22%) des 102 patients dans le groupe des survivants. On a observé des complications majeures suivies d'insuffisance hépatique chez 21 (88%) des 24 patients dans le deuxième groupe, cette différence étant hautement significative (p < 0.001).

A la lumière de ces faits, nous proposons: (a) de faire une biopsie hépatique avant toute résection, (b) de limiter les pertes sanguines à 2000 g, et (c) d'administrer en période postopératoire les soins intensifs nécessaires pour éviter les complications susceptibles de provoquer l'insuffisance hépatique.

Resumen

Con el propósito de elucidar la causa de la falla hepática postoperatoria en los pacientes cirróticos sometidos a resección por carcinoma hepatocelular, hemos analizado la información clínica correspondiente a 126 cirróticos tratados quirúrgicamente entre 1977 y 1987. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 102 pacientes que tuvieron una buena evolución postoperatoria (grupo de sobrevivientes) y de 24 que desarrollaron falla hepática y murieron (grupo de falla hepática). No se encontró diferencia aparente en cuanto al estado preoperatorio de la función hepática entre los 2 grupos. Desde el punto de vista histológico, se halló actividad inflamatoria de grado moderado a severo en el hígado de 20 (83%) de los 24 pacientes del grupo de falla hepática. Las resecciones mayores (lobectomía y lobectomía ampliada) fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de falla hepática. El promedio de pérdida perioperatoria de sangre fue de 1,945 g y 4,322 g en los grupos de sobrevivientes y de falla hepática, respectivamente, lo cual représenta una diferencia significativa (p < 0.01). Complicaciones postoperatorias mayores se presentaron en 22 (22%) de los 102 pacientes del grupo de sobrevivientes, en tanto que las complicaciones mayores seguidas de falla hepática ocurrieron en 21 (88%) de los 24 pacientes del grupo de falla hepática, diferencia que es significativa (p < 0.001).

Con base en estos datos hacemos las siguientes recomendaciones: (a) se debe realizar un examen histológico antes de emprender la resección, (b) la pérdida perioperatoria de sangre debe limitarse a menos de 2,000 g, (c) el cuidado intensivo postoperatorio es necesario para prévenir complicaciones que puedan dar lugar a falla hepática.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lin, T.Y., Lee, C.S., Chen, K.M., Chen, C.C.: Role of surgery in the treatment of primary carcinoma of the liver: A 31-year experience. Br. J. Surg.74:839, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  2. Okuda, K., Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan: Primary liver cancers in Japan. Cancer45:2663, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tsuzuki, T., Ogata, Y., Iida, S., Shimazu, M.: Hepatic resection in 125 patients. Arch. Surg.119:1025, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nagao, T., Inoue, S., Mizuta, T., Saito, H., Kawano, N., Morioka, Y.: One hundred hepatic resections: Indications and operative results. Ann. Surg.202:42, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  5. Takenaka, K., Kanematsu, T., Matsumata, T., Inaba, S., Sugimachi, K.: Plasma exchange therapy for post-operative hepatic failure in cirrhotic patients. Surg. Res. Comm.3:269, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pugh, R.N.H., Murray-Lyon, I.M., Dawson, J.L., Pietroni, M.C., Williams, R.: Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br. J. Surg.60:646, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bianchi, L., Spichitin, H.P., Gudat, F.: Chronic hepatitis. In Pathology of the Liver, 2nd edition, R.N.M. MacSween, P.P. Anthony, P.J. Scheuer, editors, Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1987, pp. 310–341

    Google Scholar 

  8. Takenaka, K., Kanematsu, T., Sugimachi, K., Inokuchi, K.: Serum lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity is an accurate predictor of post-operative hepatic failure. Disease Markers2:501, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  9. Minna, J.D., Robboy, S.J., Colman, R.W.: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Man, Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sakurai, M., Okamura, J., Kuroda, C., Yamada, T.: Active inflammatory change of the liver as a cause of postoperative hepatic failure. Jpn. J. Surg.16:398, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yanaga, K., Kanematsu, T., Takenaka, K., Matsumata, T., Yoshida, Y., Sugimachi, K.: Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients. Am. J. Surg.155:238, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  12. Thompson, H.H., Tompkins, R.K., Longmire, Jr., W.P.: Major hepatic resection: A 25-year experience. Ann. Surg.197:375, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ekberg, H., Tranberg, K.G., Andersson, R., Jeppson, B., Bengmark, S.: Major liver resection: Perioperative course and management. Surgery100:1, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  14. Maetani, S., Nishikawa, T., Hirakawa, A., Tobe, T.: Role of blood transfusion in organ system failure following major abdominal surgery. Ann. Surg.203:275, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  15. Andrus, C.H., Kaminski, D.L.: Segmental hepatic resection utilizing the ultrasonic dissector. Arch. Surg.121:515, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rimola, A., Soto, R., Borry, F., Arroya, V., Piera, C., Rodes, J.: Reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in cirrhosis and its relation to bacterial infections and prognosis. Hepatology4:53, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nolan, J.P.: Endotoxin, reticuloendothelial function, and liver injury. Hepatology1:458, 1981

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Takenaka, K., Kanematsu, T., Fukuzawa, K. et al. Can hepatic failure after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients be prevented?. World J. Surg. 14, 123–127 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01670561

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01670561

Keywords

Navigation