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The pathological basis of resection margin for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Abstract

At the time of hepatectomy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the necessary amount of surrounding nontumorous liver to be sacrificed, or the resection margin, which will ensure a complete histologic disease clearance is uncertain. Twenty-three resected liver specimens were studied by serial section followed by histological examination prospectively. All histologic diseases identified were assumed to spread radially in all directions from a unicentric lesion. Histologie disease from capsular and liver invasion was found confined to the immediate surrounding liver parenchyma. Eleven of the 14 large (≥5 cm) tumors and all six small (<5 cm) HCCs had either microsatellites and/or histologic venous permeation found beyond 1 cm from the lesion. A large tumor, multinodular lesions, macroscopic venous thrombi, liver invasion, and nonencapsulation were associated with an extensive spread of histologic disease. In the presence of either microsatellites or histologic venous permeation, no distance could ensure a complete disease clearance.

Résumé

Lors d'une hépatectomie pour carcinome hépatocellulaire, la marge de sécurité, c'est à dire la quantité de tissus sain du foie à enlever autour de la tumeur pour assurer que tout tissu histologiquement tumoral soit excisé, n'est pas connue avec certitude. On a étudié 23 pièces opératoires en assumant que toute tumeur s'étendait de façon égale dans toutes les directions de l'espace à partir d'une lésión unicentrique. Bien que les lésións complémentaires étaient situées à proximité de la lésión principale, 11 des 14 tumeurs de taille supérieure ou égale à 5 cm et toutes les tumeurs inférieure à 5 cm étaient associées à soit des microtumeurs satellites et/ou à une extensión veineuse à plus de 1 cm de la lésión principale. La présence d'une tumeur de taille importante, des lésións multinodulaires, des thromboses veineuses et l'absence de capsule étaient des facteurs d'extensión tumorale à distance de la lésión principale. En présence de soit de lésións microsatellites soit de thrombose néoplasique, il n'existe pas de marge de sécurité pour assurer que l'exérèse soit complète.

Resumen

Todavía es incierta la determinación sobre la magnitud del margen de resección y la distancia de extirpación de tejido hepático normal en el curso de una hepatectomía por carcinoma hepatocelular que se requieren para asegurar una resección histológicamente completa. Se estudiaron 23 especímenes de resección hepática mediante cortes seriados en forma prospectiva. Se asumió que la enfermedad neoplástica histológicamente identificada se extiende en forma radial en todas las direcciones, a partir de una lesión unicéntrica. La extensión a partir de invasión capsular y hepática se encontró confinada al parénquima hepático inmediatamente vecino. Once de los 14 tumores grandes (≥5 cm) y todos los 6 tumores pequeños (<5 cm) exhibieron microsatélites y/o invasión venosa a más de 1 cm de la lesión. Un tumor grande, la presencia de lesiones multinodulares, de trombos venosos macroscópicos, de invasión hepática y de no encapsulación, estuvieron asociados con una amplia extensión de la enfermedad histológica. Cuando existen microsatélites o invasión venosa histológica, ninguna distancia puede asegurar resección completa de la enfermedad.

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Lai, E.C.S., You, K.T., Ng, I.O.L. et al. The pathological basis of resection margin for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Surg. 17, 786–790 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01659097

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