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Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: Experience with 100 consecutive surgical patients

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Abstract

One hundred newborns with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were treated surgically according to a uniform protocol between July, 1980 and June, 1988. The infants (53 females, 47 males) weighed between 600 and 3,800 g, averaging 1,500 g. Twenty-eight weighed less than or equal to 1,000 g, 38 weighed from 1,001 g to 1,500 g, and 34 weighed more than 1,500 g. Median age at the time of surgery was 14 days. Surgery was performed for pneumoperitoneum in 40, a “positive” paracentesis in 51, and for other reasons in 9 infants. A paracentesis was performed if intestinal gangrene was suspected clinically. Resection of gangrenous bowel with exteriorization was the usual procedure; in only 5 patients was primary closure performed. The hospital survival for the infants was 54% for the group weighing less than or equal to 1,000 g, 74% for the group weighing from 1,001 g to 1,500 g, and 79% for the group weighing more than 1,500 g. Overall hospital survival was 70%; it was 81% for those having a definitive procedure (excluding 14 infants with NEC “totalis”). There were 3 late deaths from causes unrelated to NEC. Significant long-term complications included failure-to-thrive in 23% and stricture formation in 30% of the survivors. Long-term follow-up showed gastrointestinal status to be normal in 74%; only 8% have persistent major gastrointestinal dysfunction. Mental and motor development was considered grossly normal in only 53% of the patients.

Résumé

Cent nouveau-nés ayant une entérite nécrosante ont été traités chirurgicalement selon un même protocole entre juillet 1980 et juin 1988. Le poids des enfants (53 de sexe féminin et 47 de sexe masculin) variait de 600 à 3,800 g, la moyenne étant de 1,500 g. Vingt-huit pesaient ≤ 1,000 g, 38 entre 1,001–1,500 g, et 34 >1,500 g. L'âge médian au moment de la chirurgie était de 14 jours. L'indication de la chirurgie était un pneumopéritoine chez 40 enfants, une paracentèse “positive” chez 51, et une autre raison chez 9. La paracentèse a été effectuée quand on suspectait cliniquement une gangrène intestinale. La résection de l'intestin grangréné avec extériorisation des deux extrémités était l'intervention habituelle; une anastomose primaire était effectuée dans 5 cas seulement. La survie à l'hôpital pour les enfants au poids ≤1,000 g, 1,001–1,500 g, et >1,500 g était respectivement de 54%, 74%, et 79%. La survie hospitalière globale était de 70%; 81% pour ceux qui avaient une chirurgie définitive en excluant les 14 enfants ayant une entérite nécrosante totale. Il y avait 3 morts tardives dues à des causes sans rapport avec l'entérite nécrosante. Les complications à long terme étaient l'absence de développement chez 23% et al sténose chez 30% des survivants. Le suivi à long terme montrait que l'état intestinal était normal chez 74% des patients; 8% seulement des enfants avaient un dysfonctionnement majeur. La croissance psychomotrice était normale chez 53% seulement des patients.

Resumen

Cien neonatos con entercolitis necrotizante neonatal (ENN) fueron tratados quirúrgicamente de acuerdo a un protocolo uniforme entre julio de 1980 y junio de 1988. Los bebés (53 hembras, 47 varones) pesaron entre 600 y 3,800 g, con un promedio de 1,500 g. Veintiocho pesaron menos de o igual a 1,000 g, 38 pesaron entre 1,001 y 1,500 g, y 34 pesaron más de 1,500 g. La edad promedio en el momento de la cirugía fue 14 días. La operación fue realizada por neumoperítoneo en 40 casos, paracentesis “positiva” en 51, y por otras razones en 9. Se realizó paracentesis ante la sospecha clínica de gangrena intestinal. El procedimiento usual fue la resección del intestino gangrenado con exteriorización; en sólo 5 pacientes se realizó cierre primario. La sobrevida hospitalaria para los bebés de menos de o igual a 1,000 g, entre 1,001 y 1,500 g, y más de 1,500 g fue 54%, 74%, y 79%, respectivamente. La sobrevida hospitalaria global fue de 70%, pero de 81% para aquellos pacientes sometidos a un procedimiento definitivo (excluyendo 14 con ENN “totalis”). Hubo 3 muertes tardías por causas no relacionadas con ENN. Las complicaciones de significación a largo plazo incluyeron falla en el desarrollo en 23% y formación de estenosis en 30% de los sobrevivientes. El seguimiento a largo plazo demostró un estado gastrointestinal normal en 74%, con sólo 8% con disfunción gastrointestinal persistente. El desarrollo mental y motor fue considerado fundamentalmente normal en sólo 53% de los pacientes.

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Ricketts, R.R., Jerles, M.L. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: Experience with 100 consecutive surgical patients. World J. Surg. 14, 600–605 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658800

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