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Liver transplantation for biliary atresia

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Abstract

Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed 15 months to 20 years ago in 126 recipients, all of whom were under 18 years of age. Eighty-six of these pediatric recipients were treated before 1980 with azathioprine (or eyclophosphamide) and prednisone, to which antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) usually was added. One-year patient survival was 40%. In the last 40 cases, the new drug cyclosporine has been given with low doses of steroids. The one-year patient survival increased to 65%. Both in the pre-cyclosporine era and more recently, the survival of patients with biliary atresia has been lower than in the next largest category of patients, namely, those with liver-based inborn metabolic errors. The difficulty of operation in patients with biliary atresia has been greater than in recipients with other diagnoses, partly because of previous operations such as portoenterostomy (Kasai procedure). Hepatic portoenterostomy, worthwhile as it is, has posed technical difficulties for eventual liver transplantation, particularly when complicated Roux limb techniques or venting procedures have been applied. In our total experience the longest survival after liver replacement in a child whose original diagnosis was biliary atresia is 132/3 years.

Résumé

La transplantation orthotopique du foie a été pratiquée (depuis 25 ans jusqu'à 15 mois) chez 126 sujets âgés de moins de 18 ans. Quatre-vingt-six de ces sujets jeunes ont été traités avant 1980 par l'azathioprine (ou cyclophosphamide) et la prednisone ainsi que généralement par la globuline antilymphocytaire. La survie à un an fut de 40%. Dans les 40 dernières transplantations un nouvel agent, la cyclosporine, fut employé simultanément avec de faibles doses de stéroÏdes. Le taux de survie à un an s'est élevé jusqu'à 65%.

Aussi bien au cours de la première période que lors de la seconde, le taux de survie des enfants qui ont subi une transplantation pour atrésie biliaire a été inférieur à celui de ceux qui ont été l'objet d'une transplantation pour des affections métaboliques hépatiques du nouveau-né. La difficulté de l'opération chez les sujets atteints d'atrésie biliaire résulte du fait que la transplantation est effectuée très souvent après échec de la porto-entérostomie ou opération de Kasai, de la présence d'une anse jéjunale montée en Y ou d'un ventousage. Le meilleur résultat des transplantations hépatiques pour atrésie biliaire que nous avons pratiquées répond à une survie de 13 ans et 8 mois.

Resumen

El transplante ortotópico de hígado fue realizado en 126 recipientes con edades menores de 18 años, en el período comprendido entre los pasados 15 meses a 20 años. Ochenta y seis de estos recipientes pediátricos fueron tratados con anterioridad a 1980 con azatioprina (o ciclofosfamida) y prednisona, a lo cual generalmente se añadió globulina antilinfocítica (ALG). La supervivencia a un año fue de 40%. En los Últimos 40 casos se ha administrado la nueva droga ciclosporina, junto con dosis bajas de esteroides. La supervivencia a un año aumentó a 65%. Tanto en la era preciclosporina como en la época reciente, la supervivencia de los pacientes con atresia biliar ha sido más baja que la de los pacientes de la siguiente categoría mayor, constituída por aquellos con defectos metabólicos congénitos del hígado. La dificultad operatoria en los pacientes con atresia biliar ha sido mayor que en los pacientes con otros diagnósticos, en parte debido a operaciones previas tales como portoenterostomías (procedimiento de Kasai). La portoenterostomía hepática, siendo un procedimiento valioso, ha presentado dificultades en cuanto a un transplante hepático eventual, especialmente cuando se han empleado técnicas de anastomosis de Roux-en-Y o procedimientos de descompresión. La supervivencia más prolongada después del reemplazo hepático en nuestra experiencia es de casi 14 años, en un niño cuyo diagnóstico original era atresia biliar.

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Supported by research grants from the Veterans Administration; and the National Institutes of Health Bethesda, grant AM-29961.

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Iwatsuki, S., Shaw, B.W. & Starzl, T.E. Liver transplantation for biliary atresia. World J. Surg. 8, 51–56 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658363

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