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The place of radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer

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Abstract

Few patients with bronchogenic non-oat cell carcinoma are treated when the disease is at a relatively early stage. Surgery is presently the most effective treatment for this group of patients. The majority of the patients are treated when the disease is relatively advanced and when there is a high tendency for lymphatic and hematogenous spread. A large proportion of these patients are currently treated by irradiation. Radiotherapy, like surgery, is expected to contribute to locoregional control. The radiotherapeutic management of lung cancer at Memorial Hospital differs from that in other institutions by the extensive utilization of both internal and external beam radiotherapy. Interstitial brachytherapy adds, on the average, 45 minutes to 1 hour to the operating time, does not increase the hospital stay, and converts an exploratory thoracotomy into a therapeutic procedure. The morbidity and mortality in our experience has not been excessive. This combined approach enables us to improve the local tumor control and nodal sterilization and to spare the normal lung tissue. Interstitial brachytherapy alone has been shown to be a satisfactory alternative to surgery for patients with limited lung cancer (stage I) who cannot have resection because of limited cardiopulmonary reserve. The number of patients in this category is small, but even so, 6/12 patients (50%) have survived for 5 years or more. This combined approach, however, has failed to prolong survival in the more advanced stages, especially when the mediastinal nodes were involved.

Résumé

Peu de malades atteints de cancer du poumon-sont traités quand l'affection est à un stade précoce. Dans ce cas la chirurgie représente la meilleure arme thérapeutique. Dans la majorité des cas les malades sont traités quand l'affection a atteint un stade avancé et qu'elle s'est propagée par voie lymphatique ou sanguine. Un grand nombre de ces malades sont alors traités par irradiation. La radiothérapie aussi bien que la chirurgie sont supposées contribuer au contrôle régional de la lésion. Le traitement radiothérapique du cancer du poumon au Mémorial diffère des autres institutions en raison du fait qu'il utilise largement l'irradiation interne et externe. L'irradiation interne dure environ 45 minutes à 1 heure au cours de l'opération, elle ne prolonge pas le temps de l'hospitalisation et fait de la thoracotomie exploratrice un procédé thérapeutique. La morbidité et la mortalité entre nos mains n'a pas été excéssive. La combinaison de l'irradiation interne et de l'irradiation externe a amélioré les résultats locaux et la stérilisation ganglionnaire. L'irradiation interne isolée s'est montrée aussi satisfaisante que la chirurgie chez les malades porteurs d'un cancer limité (stade I) mais qui ne peuvent supporter une exérèse chirurgicale en raison de leur capacités fonctionnelles cardio-pulmonaires limitées. Le nombre de tels patients est petit cependant 6 sur 12 patients (50%) ont survécu 5 ans ou plus. L'irradiation combinée n'a pas améliorée la durée de la survie lorsque les lésions sont avancées et plus particulièrement quand les ganglions médiastinaux sont envahis.

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Hilaris, B.S., Martini, N., Nori, D. et al. The place of radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. World J. Surg. 5, 675–679 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01657926

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