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Adrenal radiography: Problems and pitfalls in adrenal localization

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Abstract

The traditional preoperative localization of adrenal tumors has employed one or more of the following radiographic techniques: plain abdominal films, intravenous urography, adrenal venography and venous sampling, arteriography, ultrasonography, computed tomographic scanning, and scintiscanning. These localization techniques may be divided into invasive or noninvasive types with each technique having different degrees of sensitivity and specificity for the establishment of adrenal disease. The diagnostic accuracy of these radiographic techniques is reviewed for a 5-year series in a university hospital with special emphasis on false-positive localization. The techniques employed in localization and their sequence vary and depend on whether adrenal medullary or adrenal cortical disease was suspected, and whether or not the patient was protected by pharmacologic preparation.

Résumé

La détermination du siège des tumeurs de la surénale nécessite de recourir à une ou plusieurs méthodes radiologiques: clichés à blanc de l'abdomen, urographie intraveineuse, veinographie surrénalienne et échantillonage veineux, artériographie, ultra-sonographie, tomodensitométrie et scintigraphie. Ces techniques peuvent être divisés en deux types: invasives et non invasives, chacune possédant des degrés différents de sensibilité et de spécificité. La précision diagnostique des différentes méthodes a été étudiée sur des séries concernant cinq années en soulignant spécialement les localisations faussement positives. En fait, la précision de la localisation varie selon que l'affection intéresse la médullaire ou la corticale de la surrénale et selon que les malades ont été ou non protégés par une préparation pharmacologique.

Abstracto

La localización preoperatoria tradicional de los tumores suprarrenales ha empleado una o más de las siguientes técnicas radiográficas: placas simples de abdomen, urografía intravenosa, venografía suprarrenal y muestreo de sangre venosa, arteriografía, ultrasonografía, escanografía computadorizada (CAT) y centelleoescanografía. Estas técnicas de localización pueden ser clasificadas como de tipo invasivo o de tipo no invasivo, con cada técnica poseedora de diferentes grados de sensibilidad y especificidad para establecer la presencia de enfermedad suprarrenal. La precisión diagnóstica de estas técnicas radiográficas es revisada a partir de una serie de 5 años en un hospital universitario, con especial énfasis sobre localización positiva falsa. Las técnicas empleadas en la localización y su secuencia varían y dependen de si se sospechaba la presencia de enfermedad suprarrenal medular o cortical, y de si el paciente estaba o nó protegido por preparación farmacológica.

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Geelhoed, G.W., Druy, E.M. Adrenal radiography: Problems and pitfalls in adrenal localization. World J. Surg. 7, 209–222 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01656146

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