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Is there a place for gastroenterostomy in patients with advanced cancer of the head of the pancreas?

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Abstract

There remains doubt about the need for gastroenterostomy in patients with advanced cancer of the pancreatic head, performed either prophylactically or when passage of food becomes impossible. The records of 142 patients admitted for advanced pancreatic cancer to the Erasmus University Hospital over a period of 11 years were reviewed. We concentrated especially on the pre- and postoperative intake of food in cases involving gastroenterostomy and the morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal surgery in these patients. Of 129 patients without symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction at the time of diagnosis, 31 underwent prophylactic gastroenterostomy. The procedure did not prevent gastric outlet obstruction in 4 patients. Of the remaining 98 patients, 15 developed gastric outlet obstruction. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed no significant difference in the interval to the occurrence of a symptomatic obstruction between these two groups, taking into account other covariables. Postoperative complications and mortality regarding a gastroenterostomy were high, ranging from 9% to 41% and 11% to 33%, respectively. Our results do not indicate that prophylactic gastroenterostomy may significantly prevent future gastric outlet obstruction; therefore, as it also increases morbidity, it should not be performed. A gastroenterostomy to relieve symptoms should be considered carefully, as the success rate is low and is accompanied by a considerable incidence of morbidity and mortality.

Résumé

Réaliser une gastroentérostomie de faÇon prophylactique ou seulement lorsque l'alimentation devient impossible chez un patient ayant un cancer de la tÊte du pancréas reste une question sans réponse. Les dossiers de 142 patients ayant un cancer avancé de la tÊte du pancréas, observés à l'HÔpital Universitaire Erasmus en l'espace de 11 ans, ont été revus. Nous avons noté la possibilité d'alimentation en périodes préet postopératoire ainsi que la morbidité et mortalité en rapport avec la chirurgie chez ces patients. Des 129 patients n'ayant pas de symptÔmes d'obstruction postpylorique au moment du diagnostic, 31 ont eu une gastroentérostomie à titre prophylactique. Cette intervention n'a pu prévenir l'obstruction chez 4 de ces patients. Des 98 autres patients, 15 ont développé une obstruction postpylorique. Une analyse multifactorielle selon le modèle de Cox n'a pu démontrer de différence significative entre les deux groupes pour l'intervalle entre le moment du diagnostic et la survenue de l'obstruction. Le taux de complications et de décès postopératoires après gastroentérostomie était élevée, variant respectivement entre 9% et 41% et 11% et 33%. Nos résultats indiquent que la gastroentérostomie à titre prophylactique ne prévient pas la survenue d'une obstruction postpylorique mais qu'elle accroÎt la morbidité. Dans ces conditions, la gastroentérostomie ne devrait Être réalisée qu'en cas d'obstruction symptomatique, mais en sachant qu'elle n'est pas toujours couronnée de succès et que les taux de mortalité et de morbidité ne sont pas nuls.

Resumen

Persiste la duda sobre la necesidad de practicar gastroenterostomía en pacientes con cáncer avanzado de la cabeza del páncreas, así sea profiláctica o en presencia de obstrucción al paso de los alimentos. Se revisaron las historias de 142 pacientes con cáncer avanzado de la cabeza del páncreas en el Hospital de la Universidad de Erasmo observados en un periodo de 11 años. El estudio se concentré especialmente sobre la ingesta pre y postoperatoria de alimentos en los pacientos con gastroenterostomía y en la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada con la cirugía abdominal. De 129 pacientes libres de síntomas de obstrucción en el momento del diagnóstico, 31 fueron sometidos a gastroenterostomía profiláctica; el procedimiento no logró prevenir la obstrucción gástrica en 4 casos. De los 98 pacientes restantes, 15 desarrollaron obstrucción gástrico. El análisis proporcional de Cox no demostró diferencia significativa en el intervalo transcurrido hasta la aparición de los sintomas entre los dos grupos, tomando en consideración diversas variables. Las tasas de complicaciones y de mortalidad postoperatoria en relación con la gastroenterostomía fueron elevadas, 9–41% y 11–33%, respectivamente. Nuestros resultados no indican que la gastroenterostomía profiláctica pueda prevenir la obstrucción gástrica y, por cuanto incrementa la morbilidad, no debe ser realizada. La gastroenterostomía por razones de sintomatologia debe ser cuidadosamente considerada, puesto que la tasa de éxito es baja y se acompana de considerable morbilidad y mortalidad.

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van der Schelling, G.P., van den Bosch, R.P., Klinkenbij, J.H.G. et al. Is there a place for gastroenterostomy in patients with advanced cancer of the head of the pancreas?. World J. Surg. 17, 128–132 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655726

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