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Secondary thyroidectomy: A twenty-year experience

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Abstract

Secondary thyroidectomy is an operation generally considered to be associated with a significantly increased risk of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroid glands. During a 20-year period, to December, 1986, a total of 408 secondary thyroidectomies were performed. The majority (n=227) were for recurrent nodular goiter, followed by reoperations for thyroid cancer (n=151), and operations for secondary thyrotoxicosis (n=30). The incidence of operative recurrent laryngeal palsy was 1.5% over the 20-year period, while the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism fell from 3.5% during the first 15 years to 1.6% over the last 5 years, with a similar fall in the incidence of transient hypocalcemia (8.4% down to 4.8%). The risk of complications can be minimized by careful attention to operative detail, employing the technique of capsular dissection with preservation of the vascular supply to the parathyroid glands while protecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Résumé

On considére que le risque de lésions des nerfs récurrents et des parathyroïdes est augmenté dans la thyroïdectomie secondaire. Dans les 20 ans avant décembre 1986, nous avons effectué 408 thyroïdectomies secondaires. La plupart (n=227) étaient indiquées pour goitre nodulaire récidivant, suivi de cancer (n= 151), et ensuite de thyréotoxicose (n=30). L'incidence de paralysie laryngée récurrente était de 1.5% pendant ces 20 ans, alors que l'incidence d'hypoparathyroïdie permanente était de 3.5% pendant les 15 premières années et de 1.6% pour les 5 dernières années. Parallèlement, le taux d'hypocalcémie transitoire tombe de 8.4% à 4.8% pendant la même période. On réduit le risque de complications grâce à une technique rigoureuse et en restant intracapsulaire pour conserver la vascularisation des glandes parathyroïdiennes et protéger les nerfs récurrents.

Resumen

La tiroidectomía secundaria es una operación generalmente considerada como de riesgo significativamente mayor en cuanto a lesión de los nervios recurrentes laríngeos y de las glándulas paratiroideas. En el curso de un periodo de 20 años, hasta diciembre de 1986, se realizaron 408 tiroidectomías secundarias. La mayoría (n=227) fueron realizadas por bocio nodular recurrente, seguidas de reoperaciones por cáncer tiroideo (n=151), y de operaciones por tirotoxicosis secundaria (n=30). La incidencia de parálisis del nervio recurrente laríngeo fue de 1.5% en este periodo de 20 años, en tanto que la incidencia de hipoparatiroidismo permanente descendió de 3.5% en los primeros 15 años a 1.6% en los últimos 5 años, con un descenso similar en la incidencia de hipocalcemia transitoria (8.4% a 4.8%). El riesgo de complicaciones puede ser reducido al mínimo mediante cuidadosa atención al detalle de la técnica quirúrgica, el empleo de la técnica de disección capsular con preservación de la vascularización de las glándulas paratiroides mientras se protege el nervio recurrente laríngeo.

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Reeve, T.S., Delbridge, L., Brady, P. et al. Secondary thyroidectomy: A twenty-year experience. World J. Surg. 12, 449–452 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655417

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