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Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: A curable pancreatic tumor

  • Manuscripts Presrented at the 31st Congress of the International Society of Surgery
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Abstract

Pancreatic neoplasms are common and a leading cause of death from malignant disease. Their aggressiveness as well as the poor results of treatment has led to a somewhat nihilistic attitude in their surgical management with an emphasis on palliation rather than cure. Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas, although rare, is frequently confused with more malignant tumors which are less successfully treated by pancreatic resection. This neoplasm arises from ductular epithelium, usually occurs in young women, and often remains asymptomatic until it becomes manifest as an abdominal mass or by a complication, e.g., rupture, hemorrhage, or secondary infection. Because of lack of familiarity with the tumor as well as its unusual presentation, the diagnosis is infrequently made at the initial operation. Our experience with 3 young females with papillary cystic neoplasms of the pancreas is reported. Included is a review of the literature indicating the unique characteristics of the tumor. Although locally invasive, these tumors appear to have limited malignant potential and rarely metastasize. An aggressive surgical approach seems fully justified.

Résumé

Les néoplasmes pancréatiques sont fréquents et constituent une cause principale de décés dans la pathologie maligne. Leur agressivité ainsi que les résultats médiocres des traitements ont conduit à une attitude quelque peu “nihiliste” dans la conduite chirurgicale avec prédominance de l'aspect palliatif plutôt que curatif. Le néoplasme papillaire kystique du pancréas, bien que rare, est fréquemment confondu avec des tumeurs plus malignes dont le traitement par résection pancréatique donne de moins bons résultats. Ce néoplasme se développe à partir de l' épithelium canalaire, habituellement chez les femmes jeunes. II reste bien souvent asymptomatique jusqu'à ce qu'il se manifeste sous la forme d'une masse abdominale ou lors d'une complication comme une rupture, une hémorragie ou une infection secondaire. Du fait de sa rareté et de ses manifestations inhabituelles, le diagnostic n'est fréquemment pas fait lors de l'intervention initiale. Les auteurs rapportent leurs observations à propos de 3 jeunes patientes présentant un néoplasme papillaire kystique du pancréas. Une revue de la littérature montre les caractèristiques uniques de cette tumeur. Bien que localement invasives, ces tumeurs semblent avoir un potentiel malin limité et sont rarement métastatiques. Une approche chirurgicale “agressive” semble pleinement justifiée.

Resumen

Los tumores pancreáticos son frecuentes y constituyen una causa importante de mortalidad por neoplasia maligna. Su agresividad, así como los pobres resultados de su tratamiento, han llevado a una actitud algo nihilista en cuanto al manejo quirúrgico, con énfasis hacia la paliación más que hacia la curación. Los neoplasmas papilares quísticos del páncreas, aunque raros, son frecuentemente confundidos con tumores de mayor malignidad cuyo tratamiento mediante resección pancreática reviste menor éxito. Este tipo de neoplasia se origina en el epitelio de los ductos pancreáticos, ocurre generalmente en mujeres jóvenes, y con frecuencia, se mantiene asintomático hasta que se manifiesta por masa abdominal o por complicaciones, tales como ruptura, hemorragia o infección secundaria. Debido a la falta de familiaridad con este tumor así como a su presentatión poco usual, el diagnóstico rara vez es hecho en el curso de la operación inicial. Se informa nuestra experiencia con 3 mujeres jóvenes que presentaron neoplasmas papilares quísticos; se incluye una revisión de la literatura, la cual señala las características peculiares del tumor. Aunque localmente invasivos, estos tumores parecen tener un potencial maligno limitado y muy raramente dan metástasis. El aproche quirúrgico agresivo parece estar justificado.

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Kaufman, S.L., Reddick, R.L., Stiegel, M. et al. Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: A curable pancreatic tumor. World J. Surg. 10, 851–859 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655258

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