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Dextran prophylaxis of fatal pulmonary embolism

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Abstract

Thromboembolic prophylaxis with dextran 70 was given routinely to patients undergoing major surgery from 1970 to 1972 and from 1975 to 1977, using slightly different dosages. During 1968 to 1970 and 1972 to 1974, no routine prophylaxis was given. During the 4 respective 2-year periods studied, the following number of postoperative fatal pulmonary emboli (FPE) were verified at autopsy: 16 (no prophylaxis); 6 (dextran); 19 (no prophylaxis); and 4 (dextran). The incidence of FPE in relation to major operations was 35/5,094 (0.69%) without prophylaxis, and 10/4,881 (0.20%) with prophylaxis,p < 0.001. The autopsy rate was 93.4% in postoperative deaths. Adherence to prophylaxis was 88 ± 5%. Routine prophylaxis with dextran 70 during surgery is, therefore, effective against fatal pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, it is easy to perform, lacking many of the practical disadvantages of oral anticoagulants and heparin.

Resume

Le dextran 70 a été employé à titre prophylactique contre la thrombose et l'embolie dans les cas de chirurgie majeure au cours de deux périodes: de 1970 à 1972 et de 1975 à 1977 à l'aide de doses légèrement différentes. De 1968 à 1970 et de 1972 à 1974 ce traitement n'a pas été appliqué. Pendant ces quatre périodes constituant deux groupes, le nombre des embolies pulmonaires mortelles a été étudié. Il s'est élevé respectivement dans le premier groupe à 16 cas en l'absence de traitement prophy-lactique et à 6 quand le dextran a été employé; dans le second groupe, à 19 et à 4 dans les mêmes conditions. Par rapport au nombre des interventions le taux des embolies pulmonaires fatales en cas de chirurgie majeure a été de 0,69% en l'absence de traitement prophylactique (35 pour 5094 interventions) et de 0,20% quand il a été employé (10 pour 4881 opérations) soit p < 0,001.

Le traitement anticoagulant de routine à l'aide de dextran 70 en cas de chirurgie majeure est efficace dans la prévention des embolies mortelles. De plus ce traitement est facile et ne présente pas les désavantages des anticoagulants oraux et de l'héparine.

Resumen

Profilaxis contra el tromboembolismo con dextrán 70 fue administrada en forma rutinaria a pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor durante los años 1970 a 1972 y 1975 a 1977, utilizando dosificaciones ligera mente diferentes. En los anos 1968 a 1970 y 1972 a 1974 no se administró profilaxis rutinaria. En el curso de los 4 períodos bianuales, con y sin dextrán, se pudieron verificar por autopsia casos de embolia pulmonar fatal (EPF) en la siguiente forma:

Período 1 (1968–1970, sin profilaxis): 16; período 2 (1970–1972, dextrán): 6; periodo 3 (1972–1974, sin profilaxis): 19; y periodo 4 (1975–1977, dextrán): 4.

La incidencia de EPF relativa a operaciones mayores fue de 35/5094 (0.69%) sin profilaxis y de 10/4881 (0.20%) con profilaxis, p < 0.001. La tasa de autopsia fue de 93.4% para los casos de muertes postoperatorias. La adhesión a la profilaxis fue 88±5%. La profilaxis rutinaria con dextrán 70 du- rante operaciones mayores es, por consiguiente, efectiva en la prevención de embolia pulmonar fatal.

Además, se logra su efecto benéfico sin un aumento aparente en las complicaciones, la incidencia de reacciones alérgicas es baja, es fácil de realizar y está desprovista de muchas de las desventajas prácticas de los anticoagulantes orales y de la heparina.

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Ljungström, KG. Dextran prophylaxis of fatal pulmonary embolism. World J. Surg. 7, 767–772 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655219

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