Abstract
Definition, macroscopic and histologic classification, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and prognosis of early gastric cancer are described. The definition and macroscopic classification were agreed upon by endoscopists, pathologists, radiologists, and surgeons at the meeting of the Japanese Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society in 1962. Early gastric cancer was grossly classified into 3 major types, based solely on surface characteristics in order to make the classification usable for radiologists and endoscopists. Since most early gastric cancers are asymptomatic, mass survey examinations are of value. Patients with a suspicious lesion or symptoms should undergo a thorough diagnostic workup that includes x-ray studies, endoscopy, and biopsy for histologic examination. The aim of surgery is complete eradication of cancer cells. Since peritoneal dissemination and liver metastases are rare, surgery is directed at removing regional lymph nodes with possible metastases and not leaving any cancer cells at the gastric suture line. Although the incidence of metastases to regional lymph nodes is reported to be about 5% and of lymphatic permeation to be about 12%, 5-year survival rates ranging from 89 to 95% have been achieved.
Résumé
L'article revoit la définition, la classification macroscopique et histologique, le diagnostic, le traitement chirurgical et le pronostic du cancer gastrique débutant. La définition et la classification macroscopique ont été précisées par des endoscopistes, des anatomo-pathologistes, des radiologues, deschirurgiens, lors d'une réunion de la Société Japonaise d'Endoscopie Digestive en 1962. Le cancer gastrique débutant a été classé en 3 grands types sur base des seules caractéristiques de surface, pour obtenir une classification utilisable par les radiologues et les endoscopistes. Comme la majorité des cancers gastriques débutants sont asymptomatiques, les examens de dépistage sont indispensables. Les patients qui ont une lésion suspecte ou des symptomes doivent avoir une mise au point soigneuse avec radiographie, endoscopie et biopsie. Le but de la chirurgie est l'excision complète de toutes les cellules cancéreuses. Comme la dissémination péritonéale et les métastases hépatiques sont rares, la chirurgie doit viser à l'exérèse de toutes les chaînes ganglionnaires potentiellement envahies et doit s'assurer qu'il n'y a pas de cellule cancéreuse au niveau des tranches de section gastrique. La fréquence des métastases ganglionnaires régionales est de ± 5% et celle des extensions lymphatiques de ± 12%. La chirurgie a donné 89–95% de survies à 5 ans.
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Murakami, T. Early cancer of the stomach. World J. Surg. 3, 685–691 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654788
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654788