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Comparison of intraarterial with continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement in postoperative pediatric patients

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Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to estimate the accuracy, bias, and frequency response of continuous blood pressure monitoring using finger photoplethysmography in children.Methods. To compare arterial blood pressure measured using the Finapres device with simultaneously measured intraarterial blood pressure we studied 27 randomly selected postoperative pediatric patients who were receiving a variety of inotropic and vasoactive agents at a cardiac intensive care unit in university-affiliated pediatric hospital.Results. Sixty-two of 66 attempts (94%) to obtain a noninvasive blood pressure measurement were successful. A total of 37,351 paired blood pressure measurements from 53 records were compared, revealing a measurement bias of −18.6 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and −13.4 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. The measurement bias increased proportionately to blood pressure, with systolic and diastolic gains between the noninvasive and intraarterial techniques of 0.86 and 0.75 mm Hg/mm Hg, respectively. The variation bias during each recording epoch, as measured by standard deviation of bias, was low (mean σsystolic=2.9 mm Hg; mean σdiastolic=2.0 mm Hg). The frequency response between the intraarterial and noninvasive pressure waveforms was flat to 10 Hz and approximately equal to 1.Conclusions. Substantial measurement bias exists between this noninvasive blood pressure measurement technique and intraarterial blood pressure. Measurements of the intrapatient variability and frequency response analysis suggest that the noninvasive technique accurately tracks intraarterial blood pressure over the short term. This technique may have useful applications in settings where intraarterial monitoring is undesirable or unobtainable.

Résumé

Objectifs. Le but de cette étude est d'estimer la précision, l'erreur, et la réponse en fréquence du monitorage continu de la pression artérielle chez les enfants à l'aide d'une méthode de photopléthysmographie au doigt.Méthodes. Pour comparer la mesure de pression artérielle par le procédé Finapres avec la mesure simultanée intra-artérielle, nous avons étudié en post-opératoire 27 patients pédiatriques non sélectionnés, qui ont reçu une variété d'agents inotropes et vaso-actifs dans une unité de soins intensifs cardiologiques d'une hôpital universitaire.Résultats. Soixante-deux des 66 tentatives (94%) d'obtention d'un signal de pression artérielle non-invasif furent couronnées de succès. Un total de 37 351 paires de mesures de pression artérielle en provenance de 53 enregistrements ont été comparées, révélant une erreur de mesure de −18,6 mmHg pour la pression artérielle systolique et de −13,4 mmHg pour la pression artérielle diastolique. L'erreur de mesure augmentait proportionnellement avec la pression artérielle, avec des pentes de 0,86 et 0,75 mmHg/mmHg, respectivement pour la pression artérielle systolique et pour la pression artérielle diastolique. La variation de l'erreur durant chaque période d'enregistrement, mesurée par l'écart-type de l'erreur, était faible (2,9 mmHg pour les mesures systoliques et 2,0 mmHg pour les mesures diastoliques). La réponse en fréquence entre les ondes de pression intraartérielles et non-invasives était plate à 10Hz et approximativement égal à 1.Conclusions. Une erreur de mesure non négligeable existe entre cette techniques de mesure non-invasive de la pression artérielle et la mesure intra-artérielle. Les mesures de la variabilité intra-patient et de l'analyse de réponse en fréquence suggèrent que la technique non-invasive indique précisément la tendance de pression artérielle à court terme. Cette technique peut avoir des applications utiles dans des environnements où le monitorage intraartériel est à éviter ou impossible à obtenir.

Abstrakt

Zielsetzung. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Genauigkeit, Abweichung und die das Frequenzverhalten einer kontinuierlichen Blutdruckmessung mit Hilfe der Fingerplethysmographie bei Kindern zu bestimmen.Methodik. Um den mit Hilfe des Finipres® gemessenen arteriellen Blutdruck mit dem gleichzeitig gemessenen intraarteriellen Blutdruck zu vergleichen, wurden randomisiert, postoperativ 27 Kinder, die unterschiedlich inotrope und vasoaktive Medikamente auf der Herzintensivstation eines an die Universität angeschlossenen Kinderspitals erhielten, untersucht.Ergebnisse. 62 der insgesamt 66 durchgeführten nichtinvasiven Blutdruckmessungen (94%) waren erfolgreich. Insgesamt wurden 37351 gepaarte Blutdruckmessungen aus 53 Aufzeichnungen verglichen. Hierbei war einen Abweichung von −18.6 mmHg für den systolischen Blutdruck und −13.4 mmHg für den diastolischen Blutdruck nachweisbar. Diese Abweichung nahm proportional mit steigendem Blutdruck zu, wobei eine Differenz zwischen der nichtinvasiven und der intraarteriellen Messung im sowohl systolischen als auch der diastolischen Blutdruck von+0.86 mmHg respektive +0.75 mmHg bestand. Die Abweichung während jeder Messung war, was sich in der Standardabweichung der Messungen niederschläug, eher gering (mittlere σsystolisch=2.9 mmHg; mittlere σdiastolisch=2.0 mmHg). Das Frequenzverhalten zwischen der intraarteriellen und der nichtinvasiven Druckkurve war mit 10m Hz flach und kam dem Wert 1 nahe.Schlussfolgerung. Es besteht eine beträchtliche Abweichung zwischen der nichtinvasiven Blutdruckmessmethode und der intraarteriellen Bludruckmessung. Die vorgenommen Daten zur intraindividuellen Variabilität und dem Frequenzverhaltren lassen jedoch die Aussage zu, daß die nichtinvasive Technik ausreichend genau den intraarteriellen Blutdruck über einen kurzen Zeitverlauf widerspiegelt. Diese Technik ist in den Fällen nützlich, wo ein intraarterielles Monitoring nicht geünwscht wird oder nicht möglich ist.

Resumen

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la precisión, sesgo y respuesta de frecuencia de monitorización continua de presión sanguínea usando pletismografía digital en niños.Metodos. Con el fin de comparar la presión sanguínea arterial medida usando el dispositivo Finapres con la presión intraarterial medida simultáneamente, estudiamos 27 pacientes pediátricos postoperatorios no seleccionados, quienes estaban recibiendo una variedad de agentes inotropos y vasoactivos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos postoperatorios en un hospital pediátrico con afiliación universitaria.Resultados. Sesenta y dos de los 66 intentos (94%) de obtener señal de presión sanguínea no invasiva fueron exitosos. Se compararon en total 37351 mediciones pareadas de presión arterial a partir de 53 registros, revelando un sesgo de medición de 18.6 mm Hg para la presión arterial sistólica y de 13.4 mm Hg para la diastólica. El sesgo de la medición aumentó proporcionalmente al nivel de presión, siendo las ganancias sistólica y diastólica entre las técnicas intraarterial y no invasiva 0.86 and 0.75 mm Hg/mm Hg, respectivamente. La variación del sesgo durante cada época de registro, medida como la desviación standard del sesgo, fue baja (s media sistólica=2.9 mm Hg; s media diastólica=2.0 mm Hg). La respuesta de frecuencia entre las ondas de presión intraarterial y no invasiva fue plana hasta 10 Hz y aproximadamente igual a 1.Conclusiones. Existe un sesgo substancial entre esta medición no invasiva de presión sanguínea y la medición intraarterial. Las mediciones de variabilidad dentro de cada paciente y el análisis de la respuesta de frecuencia sugieren que la técnica no invasiva sigue bien a la presión intraarterial en el corto plazo. Esta técnica puede tener aplicaciones útiles en situaciones donde la monitorización intraarterial no es aconsejable o imposible de obtener.

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Dr Triedman is supported in part by an NIH Training Grant and a Physician-Investigator Fellowship from the Massachusetts Affiliate of the American Heart Association. Dr Saul is supported by a grant from the Whitaker Foundation.

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Triedman, J.K., Saul, J.P. Comparison of intraarterial with continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement in postoperative pediatric patients. J Clin Monitor Comput 10, 11–20 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651461

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