Skip to main content
Log in

Coal TitParus ater song repertoires and the Beau Geste hypothesis

  • Published:
Journal für Ornithologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

At least 44 different song types were recorded in a population of Coal Tits at Klaebu in central Norway. Each male sang up to 14 different types. In testing the Beau Geste hypothesis the following predictions were made: (1) Territorial males tend to change song type when moving from one song post to another. (2) The tendency to change song type when moving from one song post to another increases with the distance between the song posts. (3) Territory holders prefer inconspicuous song posts that reduce the chances of being instantly detected by possible intruders and prospectors. However, none of these predictions were confirmed by the data analyses. The singing behaviour of the Coal Tit does therefore not support the Beau Geste hypothesis.

Zusammenfassung

In einer Population der Tannenmeise bei Klaebu, Mittelnorwegen, wurden mindestens 44 unterschiedliche Gesangstypen registriert. Einzelne Männchen sangen bis zu 14 Typen. Um die Beau-Geste-Hypothese (ein Sänger täuscht durch verschiedenen Gesangstypen die Anwesenheit mehrerer Individuen vor) zu testen, wurden folgende Annahmen geprüft: (1) Territoriale Männchen neigen dazu, ihren Gesangstyp zu ändern, wenn sie die Singwarte wechseln. (2) Die Tendenz, zwischen Gesangstypen zu wechseln, ist bei Männchen am größten, die während einer Gesangsphase mehr als eine Singwarte benutzen. (3) Territoriale Männchen benützen unauffällige Singwarten, um nicht so schnell von möglichen Eindringlingen oder reviersuchenden Artgenossen entdeckt zu werden. Die Analyse der Daten ergab jedoch für keine dieser Annahmen eine Bestätigung. Somit unterstützt das Verhalten singender Tannenmeisen die Hypothese nicht.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature

  • Baker, M. C. (1988): Sexual selection and size repertoire in songbirds. Acta XIX Congr. Int. Orn. I: 1358–1365. Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ditto,T. K. Bjerke, H. Lampe &Y. Espmark (1986): Sexual response of female Great Tits to variation in size of males' song repertoires. Am. Nat. 128: 491–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Björklund, M., B. Westman &K. Allander (1989): Song in Swedish Great Tits: intra- or intersexual communication? Behaviour 111: 257–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catchpole, C. K. (1989): Responses of male Sedge Warbler to playback of different repertoire sizes. Anim. Behav. 37: 1046–1047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ditto.,J. Dittami &B. Leisler (1984): Differential responses to male song repertoires in female songbirds implanted with oestradiol. Nature 312: 563–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ditto. &B. Leisler (1989): Variation in the song of the Aquatic WarblerAcrocephalus paludicola in response to playback of different song structures. Behaviour 87: 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, S. M., &P. F. Jenkins (1983): Chaffinch song repertoires and the Beau Geste hypothesis. Behaviour 87: 256–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goller, F. (1987). Der Gesang der Tannenmeise (Parus ater): Beschreibung und kommunikative Funktion. J. Orn. 128: 291–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haftorn, S. (1990): Sangvariasjoner hos svartmeisParus ater. Proc. Sixth Nordic Congr. Orn. 1987, Fauna norv., Ser. C, Cinclus Suppl. 1: 52. (In Norwegian.)

  • Järvi, T., T. Radesäter &S. Jakobsson (1980): The song of the Willow WarblerPhylloscopus trochilus with special reference to singing behaviour in agonistic situations. Ornis Scand. 11: 236–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, H. G., &R. E. Lemon (1983): Dynamics of territorial singing between neighbouring Song SparrowsMelospiza melodia. Behaviour 85: 198–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, J. R. (1977): The significance of song repertoires: the Beau Geste hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 25: 475–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ditto,R. Ashcroft &M. Webber (1978): Song repertoires and territory defence in the Great Tit. Nature 271: 539–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambrechts, &A. A. Dhondt (1988): The anti-exhaustion hypothesis: a new hypothesis to explain song performance and song switching in the great tit. Anim. Behav. 36:327–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morton, E. S. (1982): Grading, discreteness, redundancy, and motivation-structural rules. In:D. E. Kroodsma &E. H. Miller, Acoustic communication in birds. 1: 183–212. N. Y.

  • Platt, M. E., &M. S. Ficken (1987): Organization of singing in House Wrens. J. Field. Orn. 58: 190–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, D. J., &R. H. Wiley (1983): Communication with repertoires of song themes in Tufted Titmice. Anim. Behav. 31: 1128–1138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Searcy, W. A. (1983): Response to multiple song in male Song Sparrows and Field Sparrows. Anim. Behav. 31: 948–949.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, P. J. B. (1978): Beau Geste has problems. Anim. Behav. 26: 304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ditto (1981): Chaffinch song repertoires: observations, experiments and a discussion of their significance. Z. Tierpsychol. 56: 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thielcke, G. (1970). Die sozialen Funktion der Vogelstimmen. Vogelwarte 25: 204–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ders. (1973). Uniformierung des Gesanges der Tannenmeise (Parus ater) durch Lernen. J. Orn. 114: 443–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittenberger, J. F. (1983). A contextual analysis of two song variants in the Bobolink. Condor 85: 172–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasukawa, K. (1981). Song repertoires in the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus): a test of the Beau Geste hypothesis. Anim. Behav. 29: 114–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ders. &W. A. Searcy (1985). Song repertoires and density assessment in Red-winged BlackbirdsAgelaius phoeniceus: further tests of the Beau-Geste hypothesis. Behav. Ecol. and Sociobiol. 16: 171–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Haftorn, S. Coal TitParus ater song repertoires and the Beau Geste hypothesis. J Ornithol 136, 279–283 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651295

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651295

Keywords

Navigation