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Differenzierung von Gelb- und Schwarzschnabelsturmtauchern (Calonectris diomedea, Puffinus puffinus, P. yelkouan) und Großmöwen des Silbermöwenkomplexes (Larus argentatus, L. fuscus, L. cachinnans)

Molecular differentiation of Cory's and Manx Shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea, Puffinus puffinus, P. yelkouan) and the Herring Gull complex (Larus argentatus, L. fuscus, L. cachinnans)

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Abstract

The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced directly in 21 shearwaters and 14 gulls. Within the monophyletic herring gull complex which is closely related and of recent origin, the Mediterranean herring gull (L. cachinnans) appears to be genetically distinct, thus confirming our preliminary study (Wink et al., 1994). The genetic speciation ofP. puffinus andP. yelkouan (Wink et al., 1993b) was also corroborated. Within theCalonectris diomedea-complex, the existence of at least three different maternal lineages became obvious besides a genetic differentiation between the 2 subspeciesC. d. diomedea andC. d. borealis, a pair of maternal lines was found within theC. d. diomedea group. Since birds belonging to one of these 2 maternal lineages were found in 3 to 5 of the mediterranean populations, a dispersion of female shearwaters throughout the range is suggested.

Zusammenfassung

Das Cytochrom b-Gen von 3 Arten des Großmöwenkomplexes (Silber-, Herings- und Weißkopfmöwe) und 4 Arten europäischer Sturmtaucher (Eissturmvogel, Schwarzschnabel-, Mittelmeer- und Gelbschnabelsturmtaucher) wurde amplifiziert und sequenziert. Die phylogenetische Analyse mittels Maximun Parsimony und Neighbour-Joining bestätigte im wesentlichen die Aussagen von Voruntersuchungen mit einem kleineren, 300 Basenpaaren langen Teilstück des Cytochrom b-Gens (Wink et al., 1933 a,b, 1994): Die Weißkopfmöwe (Larus cachinnans) läßt sich molekulargenetisch von Silber- und Heringsmöwe abtrennen und kann als eigene Art angesehen werden, wenn man diesen Status auch der Silber- und Heringsmöwe einräumt. Alle 3 Arten stammen von einer gemeinsamen Vorläuferart ab, wobei die Trennung vor maximal 0,3–0,4 Mio. Jahren erfolgt sein dürfte. In der Gruppe der europäischen Sturmtaucher lassen sichP.puffinus, P.yelkouan undC. diomedea als eigenständige Arten abgrenzen. Innerhalb des Gelbschnabelsturmtaucherkomplexes, findet man mindestens 3 Gruppen von maternalen Linien, von denen 2 der UnterartC. d. diomedea und 1 der UnterartC. d. borealis zuzuordnen sind. Eine populationsspezifische Zuordnung der Haplotypen innerhalb der Mittelmeerunterart ist nicht möglich, so daß davon ausgegangen werden muß, daß die Mittelmeerpopulationen untereinander im Genaustausch stehen.

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  1. Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120, Heidelberg

    Petra Heidrich, Dietrich Ristow & Michael Wink

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  1. Petra Heidrich
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  2. Dietrich Ristow
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  3. Michael Wink
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Heidrich, P., Ristow, D. & Wink, M. Differenzierung von Gelb- und Schwarzschnabelsturmtauchern (Calonectris diomedea, Puffinus puffinus, P. yelkouan) und Großmöwen des Silbermöwenkomplexes (Larus argentatus, L. fuscus, L. cachinnans). J Ornithol 137, 281–294 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651070

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