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Clinical manifestations of tularemia in Japan — Analysis of 1,355 cases observed between 1924 and 1987

Klinische Manifestationsformen der Tularämie in Japan — Analyse von 1355 zwischen 1924 und 1987 beobachteten Fällen

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Summary

A total of 1,355 cases of tularemia observed between 1924 and 1987 in Japan were viewed on the basis of clinical manifestations and the results were compared with those in the United States. The incubation period varied from one day to over one month. In 75.5% of cases, the symptoms of illness appeared within seven days with the peak on the third day. A sudden onset of flu-like symptoms was generally observed, and 92% of cases was followed by regional lymph node swelling which mostly appeared in axillary and cubital regions. They were observed predominantly at the left rather than the right side. In contrast with the cases in the United States, the number of cases of ulceroglandular type in Japan was only one third of those of glandular type. None of the pleuropulmonary cases or fatal tularemia have been reported in Japan. The number of oropharyngeal cases has remarkably increased after World War II, and is still on the rise, presumably because of the change of dietary habits in Japan. All these characteristics of Japanese tularemia are assumed to be caused by low virulence of Japanese strains ofFrancisella tularensis.

Zusammenfassung

1355 Fälle von Tularämie, die in Japan zwischen 1924 und 1987 beobachtet wurden, wurden nach klinischen Manifestationsformen aufgeschlüsselt und mit Fallbeobachtungen in den USA verglichen. Die Inkubationszeit variierte zwischen einem Tag und mehr als einem Monat. In 75,5% der Fälle traten die klinischen Krankheitserscheinungen innerhalb von sieben Tagen, am häufigsten um den dritten Tag auf. Im allgemeinen stellten sich anfangs grippeähnliche Symptome ein, denen in 92% der Fälle regionale Lymphknotenschwellungen, bevorzugt der Axillar- und Kubitalregionen, folgten, die links häufiger auftraten als rechts. Ulzeröse Formen des glandulären Typs machten in Japan nur ein Drittel der Fälle aus, während der Anteil in den USA erheblich höher war. In Japan wurde kein einziger Fall einer pleuropulmonalen Form der Tularämie oder einer Tularämie mit letalem Ausgang mitgeteilt. Oropharyngeale Fälle nahmen nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg erheblich zu und steigen weiter an. Dies könnte auf veränderte Essensgewohnheiten in Japan zurückzuführen sein. Es wird angenommen, daß die geringe Virulenz der japanischen Stämme vonFrancisella tularensis für die Besonderheiten der japanischen Tularämie verantwortlich sind.

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Ohara, Y., Sato, T., Fujita, H. et al. Clinical manifestations of tularemia in Japan — Analysis of 1,355 cases observed between 1924 and 1987. Infection 19, 14–17 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01643750

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