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The penetration of antibiotics into human pancreas

Penetration von Antibiotika in das Pankreas beim Menschen

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Summary

In order to analyse the penetration of two antibiotics (mezlocillin and metronidazole) which cover the spectrum of microorganisms involved in pancreatic infection, we determined their concentration in pancreatic tissue, juice and cyst fluid in 16 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. In addition, the external pancreatic fistula fluid of one patient was analysed for antibiotic concentration and bacterial counts during a seven-day treatment with mezlocillin, metronidazole and netilmicin (i.v.). Antibiotic concentrations were determined by HPLC between 16 and 210 (median 74) min after i.v. administration of 4 g mezlocillin and 500 mg metronidazole, respectively. The median concentration of mezlocillin was 23.2 (range: 3.1–37.4) mg/kg, 15.9 (range: 4.2–55.0) mg/l and 9.9 (range: 5.2–14.8) mg/l in pancreatic tissue, juice and cyst fluid, respectively. The median concentration of metronidazole was 5.1 (range: 1.8–13.0) mg/kg, 8.5 (range: 3.6–16.2) mg/l and 1.2 (0.9–1.4) mg/l in pancreatic tissue, juice and cyst fluid, respectively. From the fistula patient, seven different bacteria were cultured (five aerobic and two anaerobic isolates); their concentration in fistula fluid ranged from 105 to 107 CFU/ml. The bacteria sensitive for mezlocillin and metronidazole disappeared after four days of i.v. treatment, whereas the two isolates sensitive for netilmicin showed continuous growth seven days after i.v. treatment. The peak concentrations for mezlocillin, metronidazole and netilmicin in the fistula fluid were 6.8 mg/l, 5.6 mg/l and <0.1 mg/l, respectively.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 16 Patienten wurden im Rahmen von operativen Eingriffen an der Bauchspeicheldrüse die Konzentrationen von Mezlocillin und Metronidazol im humanen Pankreasgewebe, Pankreassaft und Zystenflüssigkeit bestimmt. Die beiden Substanzen wurden analysiert, da sie das Spektrum an Bakterien abdecken, welche im Rahmen von Infektionen an der Bauchspeicheldrüse relevant sind. Zusätzlich wurde bei einem Patienten mit einer superinfizierten pankreatikokutanen Fistel das Fistelsekret bezüglich der Konzentrationen von Mezlocillin, Metronidazol und Netilmicin untersucht. Die Antibiotika-Konzentrationen in den verschiedenen Bauchspeicheldrüsenkompartimenten wurden mittels HPLC bestimmt nach intravenöser Injektion von 4g Mezlocillin, 500 mg Metronidazol bzw. 150 mg Netilmicin. Der mediane Bestimmungszeitpunkt lag bei 74 min. (16–210 min.) nach intravenöser Gabe des jeweiligen Antibiotikums. Die mediane Konzentration für Mezlocillin entsprach 23,2 mg/kg (3,1–37,4) in humanem Pankreasgewebe, 15,9 mg/l (4,2–55,0) im Pankreassaft und 9,9 mg/l (5,2–14,8) in der Zystenflüssigkeit. Die entsprechenden medianen Konzentrationen für Metronidazol waren 5,05 mg/kg (1,8–13,0) im Pankreasgewebe, 8,5 mg/l (3,6–16,2) im Pankreassaft und 1,15 mg/l (0,9–1,4) im Pankreaspseudozysteninhalt. Bei dem Fistelpatienten wurden sieben verschiedene Keime (fünf aerobe und zwei anaerobe) in Konzentrationen zwischen 105–107 KBE/ml isoliert. Die Keime, welchein vitro für Mezlocillin und Metronidazol empfindlich waren, verschwanden aus dem Fistelsekret innerhalb von vier Tagen nach intravenöser Therapie. Demgegenüber zeigten diein vitro für Netilmicin empfindlichen Keime ein verstärktes Wachstum im Fistelsekret. Die Spitzen-Konzentrationen für Mezlocillin, Metronidazol und Netilmicin in der Fistelflüssigkeit wurden mit 6,8 mg/ml, 5,6 mg/l und >0,1 mg/l ermittelt.

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Büchler, M., Frieß, H., Bittner, R. et al. The penetration of antibiotics into human pancreas. Infection 17, 20–25 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01643494

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