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Nosocomial bacteremia due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Nosokomiale Bakteriämie durch Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

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Summary

In 1980, 13 patients with positive blood cultures forAcinetobacter calcoaceticus were detected in an 800 bed university medical center. Twelve of the 13 isolates were identified asAcinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus and one asvar. lwoffi. In the same period there were 361 positive specimens ofA. calcoaceticus. Eight of the patients were classified as having significant bacteremia (Group A) with a serious infection in whichAcinetobacter was considered a significant pathogen. Five additional patients, however, (Group B) had fever and only one set of positive blood cultures. The significance of these positive isolates was unclear to the attending clinicians. All but one Group A patient appeared to have acquired their infection during hospitalization. In this group, one patient had an underlying pneumonia as the source of bacteremia. In the remaining patients bacteremia was related to some form of invasive catheterization. Seven patients responded rapidly to appropriate antimicrobial therapy and one patient with terminal cancer died as a result of infection. This report reviews the clinical spectrum ofAcinetobacter bacteremia, which can range from mild, possibly self-limiting bacteremia to serious, life-threatening septicaemia, especially in compromised hospitalized patients.

Zusammenfassung

Im Verlauf des Jahres 1980 wurden in einem Universitäts-Klinikum mit 800 Betten bei 13 Patienten positive Blutkulturen mitAcinetobacter calcoaceticus gefunden; zwölf der Isolate wurden alsAcinetobacter calcoaeticus var. anitratus und eines alsvar. lwoffi identifiziert. Im selben Zeitraum wurdeA. calcoaceticus 361mal in Untersuchungsmaterial nachgewiesen. Acht der positiven Blutkulturen wurden als signifikante Bakteriämie eingestuft (Gruppe A), dabei bestand eine ernste Infektion, bei derAcinetobacter als verantwortlicher Erreger angesehen wurde. Bei fünf Patienten (Gruppe B) bestand Fieber, doch waren die Blutkulturen jeweils nur einmal positiv und konnten von den behandelnden Ärzten in ihrer klinischen Wertigkeit nicht eindeutig beurteilt werden. Die Patienten der Gruppe A schienen — mit einer Ausnahme — ihre Infektion im Krankenhaus erworben zu haben. Bei einem Patienten ging die Bakteriämie von einer Pneumonie aus, bei den übrigen Patienten bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen Bakteriämie und invasiven Maßnahmen mit Kathetern verschiedener Art. Sieben Patienten sprachen rasch auf die entsprechende Antibiotikatherapie an; eine Patientin mit Krebserkrankung im Endstadium verstarb an der Infektion. Das klinische Spektrum derAcinetobacter-Bakteriämie reicht, wie aus der vorgelegten Übersicht hervorgeht, von der leichten Bakteriämie mit Selbstheilungstendenz bis zur schweren lebensbedrohlichen Septikämie, die vor allem bei abwehrgeschwächten hospitalisierten Patienten auftritt.

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Raz, R., Alroy, G. & Sobel, J.D. Nosocomial bacteremia due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Infection 10, 168–171 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640769

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