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Listerial infections of the central nervous system in the previously healthy adult

Listeriose-Infektion des Zentralnervensystems bei vorher gesunden Erwachsenen

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Summary

Four cases of central nervous system (CNS) infection caused byListeria monocytogenes are reported. All occurred in adult patients previously well before the onset of symptoms. Three had evidence of encephalitis, predominantly affecting the brainstem in two, and one had meningitis. Of the three patients with encephalitis, two had clinical signs of meningeal involvement. Initial examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated between 110 and 680 white cells/mm3 predominantly consisting of either lymphocytes or neutrophils. Protein estimation varied from 25 mg/dl to 400 mg/dl and glucose concentration from 10 mg/dl to 100 mg/dl.Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the blood in the two cases of brainstem infection and from the CSF in the others. All strains were of serogroup 4 and susceptiblein vitro to penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. In one patient the diagnosis was made post-mortem. Of the other patients, two survived without neurological sequelae but the third had severe brain damage. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of listerial CNS infections are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird überListeria monocytogenes-Infektionen des Zentralnervensystems (ZNS) bei vier vorher gesunden Erwachsenen berichtet. Bei drei Patienten lagen Zeichen einer Encephalitis vor, bei zweien von ihnen war vorwiegend der Hirnstamm befallen, ein Patient hatte eine Meningitis. Klinische Zeichen einer Meningenbeteiligung boten zwei der drei Encephalitis-Patienten. Im Liquor cerebrospinalis fanden sich bei der ersten Untersuchung zwischen 110 und 680 Leukozyten/mm3, dabei überwogen entweder Lymphozyten oder neutrophile Granulozyten. Die Eiweißkonzentrationen im Liquor schwankten zwischen 25 mg/dl und 400 mg/dl, die Glukosekonzentrationen zwischen 10 mg/dl und 100 mg/dl.Listeria monocytogenes wurde in zwei Fällen mit Hirnstammbefall aus dem Blut isoliert und in den anderen Fällen aus dem Liquor cerebrospinalis. Alle Stämme gehörten der Serogruppe 4 an und warenin vitro gegenüber Penicillin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin und Chloramphenicol empfindlich. In einem Fall wurde die Diagnose post mortem gestellt. Von den anderen Patienten überlebten zwei ohne neurologische Folgeerscheinungen, der dritte hingegen hatte eine schwere Hirnschädigung. Die klinischen Charakteristika, Diagnose und Behandlung der Listeria-Infektionen des Zentralnervensystems werden diskutiert.

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Howard, A.J., Kennard, C., Evkyn, S. et al. Listerial infections of the central nervous system in the previously healthy adult. Infection 9, 80–84 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640633

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