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Die Bedeutung von Vitamin B6 für die Entwicklung des Säuglings

The importance of vitamin B-6 in infant development. Evidence from human and animal Studies

Humanmedizinische und tierexperimentelle Studien

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Zusammenfassung

Vitamin B6 spielt bei der Biosynthese der Neurotransmitter GABA, Dopamin und Serotonin als Coenzym eine wichtige Rolle und ist somit für die gesunde perinatale Entwicklung des Zentralnervensystems von Bedeutung. In Studien mit Ratten konnte gezeigt werden, daß neugeborene Tiere von Müttern mit einem Vitamin-B6-Mangel biochemische und morphologische Anomalien im Gehirn (reduzierte GABA- und Dopaminkonzentrationen, verminderte Dendritenverzweigungen und reduzierte Zahl der myelinisierten Axone und Synapsen) aufwiesen, was Verhaltens- und motorische Störungen, wie epilepsieartige Krampfanfälle und Bewegungsstörungen zur Folge hatte. Bei menschlichen Neugeborenen mit einem schweren Vitamin-B6-Mangel wurden ähnliche Störungen beobachtet. Neugeborene, die marginal mit Vitamin B6 unterversorgt waren, wiesen ein niedrigeres Geburtsgewicht auf und zeigten ein unreiferes reaktives und adaptives Verhalten als richtig ernährte Säuglinge. Es ist zwar noch nicht möglich, die für eine optimale Gehirnentwicklung benötigte Menge an Vitamin B6 genau zu definieren; man sollte aber schwangeren und stillenden Frauen empfehlen, Vitamin-B6-reiche Nahrung auszuwählen.

Summary

Vitamin B-6 is an important coenzyme in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters GABA, dopamine and serotonin and is therefore required for the normal perinatal development of the central nervous system. In rat studies, biochemical and morphological abnormalities (decreased dendritic arborization and reduced numbers of myelinated axons and synapses) in the brains of pups from vitamin B-6 deficient dams were associated with behavioral changes such as epileptiform seizures and movement disorders. In severely vitamin B-6 deficient human infants, similar behavioral abnormalities have been described. Marginally deficient neonates were found to have a lower birthweight and to display less mature reactive and adaptive behavior in the Brazleton Neonatal Assessment Scale than well-fed infants. While it is not yet possible to define the exact amount of vitamin B-6 required to support optimal brain development, pregnant and lactating women should be encouraged to consume a diet that is rich in vitamin B-6.

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  1. Abteilung für Vitaminforschung F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070, Basel, Schweiz

    H. Gerster

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  1. H. Gerster
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Gerster, H. Die Bedeutung von Vitamin B6 für die Entwicklung des Säuglings. Z Ernährungswiss 35, 309–317 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610548

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610548

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