Abstract
The last 5 years have seen the development of artificial intelligence (AI) methods that are capable of being applied to many practical problems. The paper looks at some of the actual and potential applications for AI in the area of space analysis and modelling relevant to GIS. Of particular importance here is the development of data exploration tools for pattern description, relationship seeking, and modelling. The paper reviews some of the applicable heuristic search, artificial life, genetic optimization, and neurocomputing methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aleksander I, Morton H (1990) An introduction to neural computing. Chapman and Hall, London
Anderson ZA (1988) Neural information processing systems. American Institute of Physics, New York
Beer RD (1990) Intelligence as adaptive behavior: an experiment in computational neuroenthology. Academic Press, Boston
Besag J, Newell J (1991) The detection of clusters in rare diseases. J R Statist Soc Ser A 154:143–156
Chorley R (1987) Handling of geographic information. HMSO, London
Dangermond J (1990) The future of GIS technology. GIS Source Book, GIS World, Colerado, pp 7–11
Goldberg DE (1989) Genetic algorithms in search, optimisation, and machine learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
Grossberg S (1976) Adaptive pattern recognition and universal recording: part 1: parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors. Biol Cyber 23:121–134
Holland JH (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor
Khanna T (1990) Foundations of neural networks. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
Kohonen T (1984) Self-organisation and associative memory. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Langton CG (1989) Artificial life. In: Langton CG (ed) Artificial life. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, pp 1–48
Openshaw S (1978) An empirical study of some zone design criteria. Environ Plann A 10:781–794
Openshaw S (1988) Building an automated modelling system to explore the universe of spatial interaction models. Geogr Anal 20:31–46
Openshaw S (1989) Computer modelling in human geography. In: Macmillan B (ed) Remodelling geography. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 70–89
Openshaw S (1990a) Spatial analysis and GIS: a review of progress and possibilities. In: Scholten H, Stillwell JCH (eds) Geographic information systems for urban and regional planning. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 153–163
Openshaw S (1990) Automating the search for cancer clusters: a review of problems, progress, opportunities. In: Thomas RW (ed) Spatial epidemiology. Pion, London, pp 48–78
Openshaw S (1991) A view on the GIS cris in geography, or, using GIS to put Humpty-Dumpty back together again. Environ Plann A 23:621–628
Openshaw S (1991) Developing appropriate spatial analysis methods for GIS. In: Maguire D, Good-child MF, Rhind DW (eds) Geographical information systems: principles and applications, vol 1. Longman, London, pp 389–402
Openshaw S, Charlton M, Wymer C, Craft A (1987) A mark I geographical analysis machine for the automated analysis of point data sets. Int J GIS 1:335–358
Openshaw S, Cross A, Charlton M (1990) Building a prototype geographical correlates exploration machine. Int J GIS 3:297–312
Openshaw S, Wymer C (1990) Some applications of neural nets in urban and regional modelling. NE.RRL Discussion Paper, CURDS, Newcastle University
Openshaw S, Wymer C (1991) A neural net classifier for handling census data. In: Murtagh F (ed) Neural networks for statistical and economic data. Munotec Systems, Dublin
Openshaw S, Wymer C, Cross A (1991) Using neural nets to solve some hard problems in GIS. Proceedings of EGIS '91, vol 1–2. EGIS Foundation, Utrecht, pp 797–807
Rhind DW (1987) Recent developments in GIS in the UK. Int J GIS 1:229–235
Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE, Williams RJ (1986) Learning representations by back propagating errors. Nature 323:533–536
Rumelhart DE, McCelland JL (1986) Parallel distributed processing, vol 1 and 2. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Shand PJ, Moore RV (1989) The association for geographic information yearbook. Taylor and Francis, London
Shirai Y, Tsujii J (1982) Artificial intelligence. Wiley, Chichester
Upton G, Fingleton B (1985) Spatial data analysis by example, vol 1. Wiley, Chichester
Wasserman PD (1989) Neural computing: theory and practice. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Wilson AG, Bennett RJ (1985) Mathematical methods in human geography and planning. Wiley, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Openshaw, S. Some suggestions concerning the development of artificial intelligence tools for spatial modelling and analysis in GIS. Ann Reg Sci 26, 35–51 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01581479
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01581479