Skip to main content
Log in

A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part II: Representations, analysis, and design for the life cycle

  • Published:
Research in Engineering Design Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This is the second of a two-part paper summarizing and reviewing research in mechanical engineering design theory and methodology. Part I included 1) descriptive models; 2) prescriptive models; and 3) computer-based models of design processes. Part II includes: 4) languages, representations, and environments for design; 5) analysis in support of design; and 6) design for manufacture and the life cycle. For each area, we discuss the current topics of research and the state of the art, emphasizing recent significant advances. A final section is included that summarizes the six major areas and lists open research issues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agogino, A.M. and Almgren, A.S., “Symbolic Computation in Computer-Aided Optimal Design,”Expert Systems in Computer-Aided Design, Gero, J.S., ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987, pp. 267–284

    Google Scholar 

  2. Agogino, A.M. and Almgren, A.S., “Techniques for Integrating Qualitative Reasoning and Symbolic Computation in Engineering Optimization,”Engineering Optimization, Vol. 12, No. 2, Sept/Oct 1987, pp. 117–135

    Google Scholar 

  3. A Guide to Aluminum Extrusions The Aluminum Association, Washington, DC, 1976

  4. Arbab, F., Cantor, D.G., Lichten, L. and Melkanoff, M.A., “The MARS CAM-Oriented Modeling System,”Proceedings of the Conference on CAD/CAM Technology in Mechanical Engineering, IFIP, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 281–288

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arbab, F. and Wing, J., “Geometric Reasoning: A New Paradigm for Processing Geometric Information,”IEEE International Symposium on New Directions in Computing, August 1985

  6. Arbab, F., “A Paradigm for Intelligent CAD,”Intelligent CAD Systems 1: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects, Springer-Verlag, 1987

  7. Arbab, F., “An Environment for Geomctric Reasoning in Intelligent CAD,”IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD Systems, Gosard, D., ed., IFIP, Cambridge, MA, October 1987

    Google Scholar 

  8. Arora, J.S. and Thandedar, P.B., “Computational Methods for Optimum Design of Large Complex Systems,”Computational Mechanics, Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 221–242

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ayers, R.U., “Complexity, Reliability and Design: The Coming Monolithic Revolution in Manufacturing,” Working Paper WP-86-48, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 1986

  10. Ayers, R.U., “Manufacturing and Human Labor as Information Processes,” Research Paper RR-87-19, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, November 1987

  11. Bacon, S.D. and Brown, D.C., “Reasoning about Mechanical Devices: A Top-Down Approach to Deriving Behavior from Structure,”Computers in Engineering, 1988, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 467–472

    Google Scholar 

  12. Balachandran, M. and Gero, J.S., “A Knowledge-Based Approach to Mathematical Design Modeling and Optimization,”Engineering Optimization, Vol. 12, 1987, pp. 91–115

    Google Scholar 

  13. Balling, R.J., Parkinson, A.R. and Free, J.C., “OPTDES. BYU: An Interactive Optimization Package with 2D/3D Graphics,” Technical report, Brigham Young University, 1982

  14. Balling, R.J., Pister, K.S. and Polak, E., “DELIGHT-STRUCT: An Optimization-Based Computer-Aided Design Environment for Structural Engineering,”Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, No. 38, 1983, pp. 237–251

  15. Balling, R.J., Parkinson, A.R. and Free, J.C., “Methods for Interfacing Analysis Software to Optimization Software,”Computers & Structures, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1986, pp. 87–98

    Google Scholar 

  16. Balling, R.J., Free, J.C. and Parkinson, A.R., “Consideration of Worst-Case Manufacturing Tolerances in Design Optimization,”Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions and Automation in Design, Vol. 108, December 1986

  17. Boothroyd, G., Poli, C. and March L., “Handbook of Feeding and Orienting Techniques for Small Parts,” Technical report, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 1978

  18. Boothroyd, G., Poli, C. and March, L.,Automatic Assembly, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  19. Boothroyd, G. and Dewhurst, P., “Design for Assembly—A Designers Handbook,” Technical report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1983

  20. Brei, M.L., Cralley, W.E. Dierolf, D., Owen, D.J., Richter, K.J. and Rogen, E., “Architecture and Integration Requirements for an ULCE Design Environment,” Paper P-2063, Institute for Defense Analysis, April 1988

  21. Casting Design Handbook, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1966

  22. Cha, J.Z. and Mayne, R.W., “Optimization with Discrete Variables via recursive Quadratic Programming,”Advances in Design Automation—1987, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, September 1987

  23. Chang, T.C., Anderson, D.C. and Mitchell, O.R., “QTC—An Integrated Design/Manufacturing/Inspection System for Prismatic Parts,”Computers in Engineering 1988, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 417–426

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chase, K.W., “Design Issues in Mechanical Tolerance Analysis,”Manufacturing Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 1988, pp. 50–59

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chieng, W.-H. and Hoetzel, D.A., “An Interactive Hybrid (Symbolic-Numeric) System Approach to Near Optimal Design of Mechanical Components,”Engineering Optimization, Grodon and Breach Science Publishers, Great Britain, 1987, pp. 369–383

    Google Scholar 

  26. Chieng, W.-H. and Hoetzel, D.A., “A Generic Planning Model for Large Scale Engineering Design Optimization with a Power Transmission Design Case Study,”Proceedings 1987 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, August 1987, pp. 113–124

    Google Scholar 

  27. Choi, B.K., Barash, M.M. and Anderson, D.C., “Automated Recognition of Machined Surfaces from a 3-d Solid Modeler,”Computer Aided Design, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1984

  28. Chomsky, N.,Syntactic Structures, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1957

    Google Scholar 

  29. Choy, J.K. and Agogino, A.M., “SYMON: Automated SYMbolic MONotonicity Analysis System for Qualitative Design Optimization,”Proceedings, ASME 1986 International Computers in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Chicago, IL, July 24–26. 1986, pp. 305–310

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cline, T., Abelson, H., Harris, W., Tou, I. and Fong, W., “Symbolic Computing in Engineering Design,”Third AI in Design Workshop, AAAI, Minneapolis, MN, May 13, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  31. Crossley, E., “Make Science a Partner,”Machine Design, April 24, 1980

  32. Crossley, E., “A “Shorthand” Route to Design Creativity,”Machine Design, April 1980, pp. 96–100

  33. Cunningham, J.J. and Dixon, J.R., “Designing with Features: The Origin of Features,”Proceedings of the ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, July 31-August 3, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cutkosky, M.R. and Tenenbaum, J.M., “CAD/CAM Integration Through Concurrent Process and Product Design,”Intelligent and Integrated Manufacturing Analysis and Synthesis, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1987, pp. 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cutkosky, M.R., Tenenbaum, J.M. and Muller, D., “Features in Process-Based Design,”Proceedings of the International Computers in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, July 1988

    Google Scholar 

  36. Diaz, A.R., “A Fuzzy Set Based Environment for Design Optimization,”Design Theory '88: Proceedings of the 1988 NSF Grantee Workshop on Design Theory and Methodology, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dixon, J.R., Cunningham, J.J. and Simmons, M.K., “Research in Designing With Features,”IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD Systems, Gossard, D., ed., IFIP, Cambridge, MA, October 6–7, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dixon, J.R., “Designing with Features: Building Manufacturing Knowledge into More Intelligent CAD Systems,”Proceedings of ASME Manufacturing International-88, Atlanta, Georgia, April 17–20, 1988

  39. Dym, C.L and Salata, S.E., “Representation of Strategic Choices in Structural Modeling,”Proceedings of the 1989 ASCE Congress, American Society of Civil Engineering, May 1989

  40. Earl, C.F., “Shape Grammars and the Generation of Designs,”Principles of Computer-Aided Design, Pitman Publishing, 1987

  41. Eastman, C.M., “Recent Developments in Representation in the Science of Design,”Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference, ACM, IEEE, June 1981, pp 13–21

  42. Ellsworth, R., Parkinson, A. and Cain, F., “The Complementary Roles of Symbolic Computing and Numerical Optimization in Engineering Design Software,”Advances in Design Automation-1987, Design Methods, Computer Graphics and Expert Systems, vol. 1, Design Technology Conferences, Boston, MA, September 1987

  43. Evans, D.H., “Statistical Tolerancing: The State of the Art, Part 1,”Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1975

  44. Evans, D.H., “Statistical Tolerancing: The State of the Art, Part 2,”Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1975

  45. Fenves, S.J. and Baker, N.C., “Spatial and Functional Representation Language for Structural Design,”Expert Systems in Computer-Aided Design, Elsevier Science (North-Holland), IFIP 5.2 1987

  46. Finger, S., Fox, M.S., Navinchandra, D., Prinz, F.B. and Rinderle, J.R., “Design Fusion: A Product Life-Cycle View for Engineering Designs,”Second IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, IFIP, Cambridge, UK, 19–22 September 1988

    Google Scholar 

  47. Fitzhorn, P.,Formal Languages, PhD dissertation, Colorado State University, 1985

  48. Flemming, U., “The Role of Shape Grammars in the Analysis and Creation of Designs,”1986 SUNY Buffalo Symposium on CAD; The Computability of Design, SUNY Buffalo, NY, December 1986

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gelsey, A. and McDermott, D., “Spatial Reasoning About Mechanisms,”To appear in Advances in Spatial Reasoning, Ablex. 1989

  50. Gossard, D.C., Zuffante, R.P. and Sakurai, H., “Representing Dimensions, Tolerances, and Features in MCAE Systems,”IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, March 1988, pp. 51–59

  51. Green, D.S. and Brown, D.C., “Qualitative Reasoning during Design about Shape and Fit: A Preliminary Report,”Expert Systems in Computer-Aided Design, Elsevier Science (North-Holland), IFIP 5.2 1987, pp. 93–117

  52. Greenwood, W.H. and Chase, K.W., “A New Tolerance Analysis Method for Designers and Manufacturers,”Journal of Engineering for Industry, Transactions of ASME, Vol. 109, May 1987, pp. 112–116

  53. Gross, M. and Fleisher, A., “Design as the Exploration of Constraints,”Design Studies, No. 3, 1984

  54. Gross, M.D.,Design as Exploring Constraints, PhD dissertation, M.I.T., 1986

  55. Gross, M., Ervin, S., Anderson, J. and Fleisher, A., “Constraints: Knowledge Representation in Design,”Design Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3, July 1988

  56. Gursoz, E.L. and Prinz, F.B., “Corner-Based Representation of Non-manifold Surface Boundaries in Geometric Modeling,” Technical Report, Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 1989

  57. Habraken, N.J. and Gross, M.D., “Concept Design Games: Games for Experimentation in Design Theory and Methodology,”Proceedings from the NSF Workshop on the Design Process, Waldron, M.B., ed., Ohio State University, Oakland, CA, February 8–10, 1987, pp. 13–42

    Google Scholar 

  58. Haftka, R.T. and Grandhi, R.V., “Structural Shape Optimization—A Survey,”Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 57, 1986, pp. 91–106

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hayes, C.C. and Wright, P.K., “Automating Process Planning: Using Feature Interactions to Guide Search,”The Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1989

  60. Heisserman, J. and Woodbury, R., “Solid Grammars for Generative Geometric Design,”Submitted to the NSF Engineering Design Research Conference, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, June 11–14, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  61. Henderson, M.R. and Anderson, D.C., “Computer Recognition and Extraction of Form Features: A CAD/CAM Link,”Computers in Industry, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1984, pp. 315–325

    Google Scholar 

  62. Henderson, M.R. and Chang, G.J., “FRAPP: Automated Feature Recognition and Process Planning from Solid Model Data,”Computers in Engineering 1988, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 529–536

    Google Scholar 

  63. IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD Systems, Gossard, D., ed. IFIP, Cambridge, MA, October, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  64. Second IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD Systems, Yoshikawa, H. and Holden, T., ed., IFIP, Cambridge, UK, September, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  65. Third IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD Systems, Yoshikawa, H., ed., IFIP, Osaka, Japan, to be held September, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  66. Ishida, T., Minowa, H. and Nakajima, N., “Detection of Unanticipated Functions of Machines,”Design and Synthesis, Elsevier Science (North-Holland), 1985, pp. 23–28

  67. Ishii, K. and Barkan, P., “Rule Based Sensitivity Analysis—A Framework for Expert Systems in Mechanical Design—,”Proceedings of the IFIP W.G. 5.2 Working Conference on Expert Systems in Computer-Aided Design, IFIP, Sydney, Australia, 16–20 February 1987

    Google Scholar 

  68. Jamieson, A.,Introduction to Quality Control, Reston Publishing, 1982

  69. Jones, J.C., “Continuous Design and Redesign,”Design Studies, No. 1, 1983

  70. Joskowicz, L. and Addanki, S., “From Kinematics to Shape: An Approach to Innovative Design”7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-88, Minneapolis, MN, August 21–26, 1988

  71. Joskowicz, L., “Reasoning about Shape and Kinematic Function in Mechanical Devices,” Robotics Research Technical Report 402/173, New York University Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, September 1988

  72. Kamal, S.Z., Karandikar, H.M., Mistree, F. and Muster, D., “Knowledge Representation for Discipline-Independent Decision Making,”IFIP 87, IFIP, Australia, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kela, A., Perruchio, R. and Voelcker, H., “Toward Automatic Finite Element Analysis,”Computers in Mechanical Engineering, July 1986

  74. Knight, W.A. and Poli, C., “A Systematic Approach to Forging Design,”Machine Design, January 24, 1985

  75. Kumar, B., Anand, D.K. and Kirk, J.A., “Knowledge Representation Scheme for an Intelligent Feature Extractor,”Computers in Engineering 1988, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 529–536

    Google Scholar 

  76. Lai, K. and Wilson, W.R.D., “FDL: A Language for Function Description and Rationalization in Mechanical Design,”Computers in Engineering, ASME, New York, 1987, pp. 87–94

    Google Scholar 

  77. Lee, K. and Gossard, D., “A Hierarchical Data Structure for Representing Assemblies: Part 1,”Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1986, pp. 16–19

    Google Scholar 

  78. Lee, W.J. and Woo, T.C., “Tolerancing: Its Distribution, Analysis and Synthesis,” Technical Report 86–30, Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, 1987

  79. Libardi, E.C., Dixon, J.R. and Simmons, M.K., “Designing with Features: Design and Analysis of Extrusions as an Example,”Spring National Design Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Chicago, IL, March 24–27, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  80. Libardi, E.C., Dixon, J.R. and Simmons, M.K., “Computer Environments for the Design of Mechanical Assemblies: A Research Review,”Engineering with Computers, 1988, pp. 121–136

  81. Light, R. and Gossard, D., “Modification of Geometric Models Through Variational Geometry,”CAD—Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 14, No. 4, July 1982, pp. 209–214

    Google Scholar 

  82. Logan, B.S., “Representing Design Problems: Formal and Informal Models in Design,”Second IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, IFIP, Cambridge, UK, 19–22 September 1988

    Google Scholar 

  83. Luby, S.C., Dixon, J.R. and Simmons, M.K., “Designing with Features: Creating and Using a Features Data Base for Evaluation of Manufacturability of Castings,”Proceedings, ASME 1986 International Computers in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Chicago, IL, July, 1986, pp. 285–292

    Google Scholar 

  84. MacKenzie, C.A. and Gero, J.S., “Learning Design Rules from Decisions and Performances,”Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1987

  85. Mehta, S.I. and Korde, U.P., “An Expert System to Choose the Right Optimization Strategy,”Computers in Engineering 1988, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, July 31-August 4, 1988, pp. 483–487

    Google Scholar 

  86. Millington, K., Robertson, A. and Smithers, T., “Architecture for AI-Based Design: A Foundation Made Concrete,”Preprints of the Second IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, IFIP, Cambridge, UK, September 1988, pp. 299–311

    Google Scholar 

  87. Mistree, F., Hughes, O.F. and Phuoc, H.B., “An Optimization Method for the Design of Large, Highly Constrained Complex Systems,”Engineering Optimization, Vol. 5, 1981

  88. Mistree, F. and Muster, D., “Design Harmonization: A Computer-Based Approach for Design in the Systems Age,”Optimization in Computer-Aided Design, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. (North-Holland), 1985

  89. Moll, R.N., Arbib, M.A. and Kfoury, A.J.,An Introduction to Formal Language Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  90. Muster, D. and Mistree, F., “A Philosophy, Approach and Method for Negotiating Solutions to Design Problems Using the Decision Support Problem Technique,” Technical report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 1988

  91. Myers, W.L., Dixon, J.R. and Simmons, M.K., “Computer Analysis of Mechanical Assembly from a CAD Data Base: Manual Handling Times,”Proceedings of the 1987 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, August 9–13, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  92. Nakazawa, H., “Information Integration Method,”Design and Synthesis, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V (North-Holland), 1985

  93. Newman, J. and Kranowski, M., “Case Study—Matrix Printer: No Pulleys, Belts, or Screws,”IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 24, No. 5, May 1987, pp. 50–51

    Google Scholar 

  94. Nielsen, E.H., Dixon, J.R. and Simmons, M.K., “How Shall We Represent the Geometry of Designed Objects?,” Technical Report 6-87, Mechanical Design Automation Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, 1987

  95. Pahl, G. and Beitz, W.,Engineering Design The Design Council, Springer-Verlag, London, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  96. Parkinson, A.R., Balling, R.J. and Free, J.C., “OPTDES. BYU: A Software System for Optimal Engineering Design,”Proceedings, 1984 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Las Vegas, NV, August 12–16, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  97. Patterson-Hines, F.A. and Koen, B., “Direct Evaluation of Fault Trees using Object-Oriented Programming Techniques,”IEEE Transactions on Reliability, To appear in 1989

  98. Paynter, H.M.,Analysis and Design of Engineering Systems MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  99. PDES/STEP Standard National Institute of Standards and Technology, available through NTIS as no. NIST-IR-884004, 1989

  100. Peckham, J. and Maryanski, F., “Semantic Data Models,”ACM Computer Surveys Vol. 20, No. 3, September 1988, pp. 153–189

    Google Scholar 

  101. Peters, J., “Tolerancing the Components of an Assembly for Minimum Cost,”Transactions of the ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, August 1980

  102. Pinilla, J.M., Finger, S. and Prinz, F.B., “Shape Feature Description and Recognition Using an Augmented Topology Graph Grammar,”Submitted to the 1989 NSF Engineering Design Research Conference, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, June 11–14, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  103. Polak, E., Siegel, P., Wau, T., Nye, W.T. and Mayne, D.Q., “DELIGHT.MIMO: An Interactive Optimization Based Multivariable Control System Design Package,”IEEE Control System Magazine, December 1987

  104. Poli C. and Knight, W.A., “Design for Forging Handbook,” Technical report, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 1984

  105. Poli, C., “A Design for Assembly Spreadsheet,”Design and Synthesis, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V (North-Holland), 1985

  106. Poli, C. and Knight, W.A., “Rating Products for Ease of Assembly,”Machine Design, August 21, 1986

  107. Poli, C. and Fenoglio, F., “Designing Parts for Automatic Assembly,”Machine Design, December 10, 1987

  108. Poli, C., Escudero, J. and Fernandez, R., “How Part Design Affects Injection Molding Tool Costs,”Machine Design, November 24, 1988

  109. Pratt, M.J., “Solid Modeling and the Interface between Design and Manufacture,”IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, July 1984, pp. 52–59

  110. Pratt, M.J. and Wilson, P.H., “Requirements for Support of Form Features in a Solid Modeling System,” Report R85-ASPP-01, CAM-1, June 1985

  111. Pratt, M.J., “Synthesis of an Optimal Approach to Form Feature Modeling,”Computers in Engineering 1988 American Socicty of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 263–274

    Google Scholar 

  112. Requicha, A.A.G. and Voelcker, H.B., “Solid Modeling: A Historical Summary and Contemporary Assessment,”IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, March 1982, pp. 9–24

  113. Rinderle, J.R., “Function and Form Relationships: A Basis for Preliminary Design,”Proceedings from the NSF Workshop on the Design Process Waldron, M.B., ed., Ohio State University, Oakland, CA, February 8–10, 1987, pp. 295–312

    Google Scholar 

  114. Rinderle, J.R., Colburn, E.R., Hoover, S.P., Paz-Soldan, J.P. and Watton, J.D., “Form-Function Characteristics of Electro-Mechanical Designs,”Design Theory '88, Proceedings of the 1988 NSF Grantee Workshop on Design Theory and Methodology Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  115. Rogers, J.L. and Barthelemy, J-F. M., “An Expert System for Choosing the Best Combinations of Options in a General Purpose Program for Automated Design Synthesis,”Proceedings, 1985 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boston, MA, August 4–8, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  116. Roy, U. and Liu, C.R., “Feature-Based Representational Scheme of a Solid Modeler for Providing Dimensioning and Tolerancing Information,”Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Vol. 4, No. 3/4, 1988, pp. 335–345

    Google Scholar 

  117. Sakurai, H. and Gossard, D.C., “Recognizing Shape Features in Solid Models,”Submitted to IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1989

  118. Seader, R. and Tobin, B., “Meeting the ‘Impossible’ Schedule,”Plastics Design Forum, November/December 1987

  119. Shah, J.J. and Wilson, P.R., “Analysis of Knowledge Abstraction, Representation and Interaction Requirements for Computer-Aided Engineering,”Computers in Engineering 1988 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 17–24

    Google Scholar 

  120. Shaw, N.K., Bloor, M.S. and de Pennington, A., “Product Data Models,”Research in Engineering Design, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1989

  121. Shephard, M.S. and Yerry, M.A., “Approaching the Automatic Generation of Finite Element Meshes,”Computers in Mechanical Engineering, April 1983

  122. Shephard, M.S., Korngold, E.V. and Wentorf, R., “Idealized Models in Engineering Analysis,” Technical report, Rensselaer Design Research Center, RPI, 1988

  123. Speckhart, F.H., “Calculation of Tolerance Based on a Minimum Cost Approach,”Journal of Engineering for Industry, Transactions of ASME Vol. 94, May 1972, pp. 447–453

    Google Scholar 

  124. Spooner et al, “Modeling Mechanical CAD Data with Data Abstraction and Object-Oriented Techniques,”Proceedings of the IEEE Data Engineering Conference IEEE, Los Angeles, 1986, pp. 416–424

    Google Scholar 

  125. Spotts, M.F., “Allocation of Tolerances to Minimize Cost of Assembly,”Journal of Engineering for Industry, Transactions of the ASME Vol. 95, August 1973, pp. 762–764

    Google Scholar 

  126. Stiny, G.,Pictorial and Formal Aspects of Shape and Shape Grammars Birkhauser, Basel, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  127. Stiny, G., “Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars,”Environment and Planning B Vol. 7, July 1980, pp. 343–351

    Google Scholar 

  128. Report on the Workshop on Features in Design and Manufacturing Stiny, G., ed. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, February 26–28, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  129. Stiny, G., “Formal Devices for Design,”Design Theory '88: Proceedings of the 1988 NSF Grantee Workshop on Design Theory and Methodology Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  130. Stoll, H.W., “Design for Manufacture: An Overview,”Applied Mechanics Reviews Vol. 39, No. 9, September 1986, pp. 1356–1364

    Google Scholar 

  131. Su, S.Y.W., “Modeling Integrated Manufacturing Data with SAM*,”IEEE Computer Vol. 19, No. 1, 1986, pp. 34–39

    Google Scholar 

  132. Suh, N.P., Bell, A.C. and Gossard, D.C., “On an Axiomatric Approach to Manufacturing and Manufacturing Systems,”ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry Vol. 100, No. 2, May 1978, pp. 127–130

    Google Scholar 

  133. Suri, R., “A New Perspective on Manufacturing Systems Analysis,”Design and Analysis of Integrated Manufacturing Systems National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1988, pp. 118–133

    Google Scholar 

  134. Sutherland, G.H. and Roth, B., “Mechanism Design: Accounting for Manufacturing Tolerances and Costs in Function Generating Problems,”Transactions of the ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, February 1975

  135. Suzuki, H., Inui, M., Kimura, F. and Sata, T., “A Product Modeling System for Constructing Intelligent CAD and CAM Systems,”Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Vol. 4, No. 3/4, 1988, pp. 483–489

    Google Scholar 

  136. Takase, H. and Nakajima, N., “A Language for Describing Assembled Machines,”Design and Synthesis, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V (North-Holland), 1985, pp. 471–476

  137. Thompson, J.M.T. and Hunt, G.W., “Dangers of Structural Optimization,”Engineering Optimization Vol. 1, 1974, pp. 99–110

    Google Scholar 

  138. Turner, G.P. and Anderson, D.C., “An Object-Oriented Approach to Interactive Feature-Based Design for Quick Turnaround Manufacturing,”Proceedings of 1988 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988

    Google Scholar 

  139. Ulrich, K. and Seering, W.P., “Conceptual Design: Synthesis of Systems Components,”Intelligent and Integrated Manufacturing Analysis and Synthesis American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1987, pp. 57–66

    Google Scholar 

  140. Ulrich, K.T. and Seering, W.P., “Function Sharing in Mechanical Design,”7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-88, Minneapolis, MN, August 21–26, 1988

  141. Ulrich, K.T. and Seering, W.P., “Synthesis of Schematic Descriptions in Mechanical Design,”Research in Engineering Design, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1989

  142. Unger, M.B. and Ray, S.R., “Feature-Based Process Planning at the AMRF,”Computers in Engineering 1988 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, CA, August 1988, pp. 563–569

    Google Scholar 

  143. Vaghul, M., Dixon, J.R., Zinsmeister, G.E. and Simmons, M.K., “Expert Systems in a CAD Environment: Injection Molding Part Design as an Example,”Proceedings, 1985 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boston, MA, August 4–8, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  144. Villamarin, B.,Empirical Assessment of Propensity for Surprising Failures, PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1988

  145. Voelcker, H.B., “Modeling in the Design Process,”Design and Analysis of Integrated Manufacturing Systems National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1988, pp. 167–199

    Google Scholar 

  146. Weiler, K.J., “Edge-Based Data Structures for Solid Modeling in Curved Surface Environments,”IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, January 1985

  147. Weiler, K.J.,Topological Structures for Geometric Modeling, PhD dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1986

  148. Wesley, M.A., Lozano-Perez, T., Lieberman, L.I., Lavin, M.A. and Grossman, D.D., “A Geometric Modeling System for Automated Mechanical Assembly,”IBM Journal of Research and Development Vol. 24, No. 1, 1980, pp. 64–74

    Google Scholar 

  149. Whitney, D.E., Nevins, J.L., DeFazio, T.L., Gustavson, R.E., Metzinger, R.W., Rourke, J.M. and Seltzer, D.S., “The Strategic Approach to Product Design,”Design and Analysis of Integrated Manufacturing Systems National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1988, pp. 200–223

    Google Scholar 

  150. Wilde, D.J. and Prentice, E., “Minimum Exponential Cost Allocation of Sure-Fit Tolerances,”Transactions of the ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, November 1975

  151. Woo, T.C., “Interfacing Solid Modeling to CAD and CAM: Data Structures and Algorithms for Decomposing a Solid,”Computer-Integrated Manufacturing ASME, New York, 1983, pp. 39–45

    Google Scholar 

  152. Wood, K.L. and Antonsson, E.K., “Engineering Design—Computational Tools in the SYNTHESIS Domain,”Proceedings from the NSF Workshop on the Design Process Waldron, M.B., ed., Ohio State University, Oakland, CA, February 8–10, 1987, pp. 337–360

    Google Scholar 

  153. Wood, K.L. and Antonsson, E.K., “Computations with Imprecise Parameters in Engineering Design: Applications and Examples,” Engineering Design Research Laboratory Report 88-02, California Institute of Technology, June 1988

  154. Wood, K.L. and Antonsson, E.K., “Modelling Imprecision and Uncertainty in Preliminary Engineering Design,” Engineering Design Research Laboratory Report 88e, California Institute of Technology, October 1988

  155. Wood, K.L. and Antonsson, E.K., “Computations with Imprecise Parameters in Engineering Design: Background and Theory,” Engineering Design Research Laboratory Report 88-01, California Institute of Technology, February 1988

  156. Woodbury, R., Carlson, K. and Heisserman, J., “Geometric Design Spaces,”Second IFIP WG 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD IFIP, Cambridge, UK, 19–22 September 1988

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Finger, S., Dixon, J.R. A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part II: Representations, analysis, and design for the life cycle. Research in Engineering Design 1, 121–137 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01580205

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01580205

Keywords

Navigation