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A re-designed cone-and-plate apparatus for the measurement of the flow birefringence of polymer melts

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Summary

A description is given of a modified cone-and-plate apparatus designed for the measurement of the flow birefringence of polymer melts in a wide range of shear rates. Results are given of measurements on samples of high and low density polyethylene and polystyrene. Anomalies, as found in the extinction angle curves near the fringes, where the phase differences become equal to multiples of 2π, point to pronounced edge effects which appear to depend on the type of polymer. The measurements on the high density polyethylene were used to check the validity of the stress-optical law. The measurements on the low density polyethylene sample show mechanical degradation of this polymer. Some typical transient measurements on the polystyrene sample are presented and successfully related to the corresponding mechanical measurements, as obtained with the aid of a cone-and-plate Weissenberg rheogoniometer.

Zusammenfassung

Ein modifizierter Kegel-Platte-Apparat wird beschrieben, der entworfen wurde, um die Strömungsdoppelbrechung polymerer Schmelzen in einem großen Bereich von Schergeschwindigkeiten zu messen. Meßergebnisse an Proben von Polyäthylen hoher und niedriger Dichte, sowie von Polystyrol, werden wiedergegeben. Anomalien, die an den Auslöschungswinkelkurven in der Nähe der Ordnungen, bei denen der Phasenunterschied Vielfache von 2π beträgt, gefunden wurden, weisen auf ausgeprägte Randeffekte hin, die offenkundig von der Natur des Polymeren abhängen. Die Messungen an der Probe des Polyäthylens hoher Dichte wurden dazu verwendet, die Gültigkeit des spannungsoptischen Gesetzes zu prüfen. Die Messungen an der Probe des Polyäthylens niedriger Dichte zeigen mechanische Degradierung an. Einige typische Übergangsmessungen an der Polystyrolprobe werden beschrieben. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit entsprechenden Ergebnissen mechanischer Messungen, die mit Hilfe des Weissenberg-Rheogoniometers erhalten wurden, verglichen, wobei die erwartete Übereinstimmung gefunden wurde.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Delft Technical University, Julianalaan 136, Delft 8, The Netherlands

    F. H. Gortemaker & H. Janeschitz-Kriegl

  2. General Electric Research Laboratories, Schenectady, N. Y., USA

    M. G. Hansen

  3. Istituto di Principi di Ingegneria Chimica, University of Naples, Italy

    B. de Cindio

Authors
  1. F. H. Gortemaker
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  2. M. G. Hansen
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  3. B. de Cindio
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  4. H. Janeschitz-Kriegl
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Additional information

The present investigation has been carried out under the auspices of the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z. W. O.).

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Science Post Doctoral Fellow.

On leave from University of Naples; Research Fellow, Delft University of Technology.

With 15 figures and 1 table

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Gortemaker, F.H., Hansen, M.G., de Cindio, B. et al. A re-designed cone-and-plate apparatus for the measurement of the flow birefringence of polymer melts. Rheol Acta 15, 242–255 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01521125

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01521125

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