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Untersuchungen über die renale Phosphatexkretion bei Kranken mit verschiedenen Nephropathien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kranken mit primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus

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Zusammenfassung

Es wurde bei 50 Kranken mit Nephrolithiasis, 16 Kranken mit renaler Hypertonie und/oder chronischer Nephritis, 10 Kranken mit Pyelonephritis und 16 Kranken mit primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus vor der Operation mit Hilfe von Standard-Clearance-Methoden die renale Phosphatexkretion untersucht. Die gewonnenen Werte wurden nach verschiedenen Verfahren einer Analyse zur Beurteilung der endogenen Parathyreoideaaktivität unterzogen und auf ihre diagnostische Aussagefähigkeit miteinander verglichen.

Die prozentuale tubuläre Reabsorption des filtrierten Plasma-Phosphates, die Phosphat-Clearance, der Quotient Phosphat-Clearance/Inulin-Clearance und der Phosphat-Exkretions-Index wurden ausgerechnet.

In allen untersuchten Krankengruppen fanden sich in einem hohen Prozentsatz Befunde, wie sie für einen primären Hyperparathyreoidismus als diagnostisches Kriterium zu werten empfohlen wurden.

Nach den vorgelegten Ergebnissen bietet keiner der untersuchten Tests eine ausreichende Spezifität für die Diagnostik des primären Hyperparathyreoidismus. Eine sichere Beurteilung der endogenen Parathyreoideaaktivität kann aus einer Analyse der renalen Phosphataktexkretion nur bedingt gegeben sein. Sie kann in keinem Falle allein für eine seriöse Indikation zur Exploration der Nebenschilddrüsen verbindlich sein.

Unsere Untersuchungen weisen auf das Vorliegen einer weitgehenden Proportionalität zwischen der Einschränkung der glomerulären Filtration und der Verminderung der prozentualen tubulären Reabsorption des filtrierten Plasmaphosphates hin. Die mittlere Phosphatmenge/min im Urin beträgt bei allen untersuchten Krankengruppen etwa 480 γ. Aus diesen Befunden wird gefolgert, daß die gesunde und auch die kranke Niere unter Ruheumsatzbedingungen bestrebt ist, eine konstante renale Phosphatexkretion aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Ursachen dieses Befundes können zur Zeit noch nicht ausreichend erklärt werden.

Summary

The renal phosphate excretion by means of standard clearance methods was measured in 50 patients with renal calculi, 16 patients with renal hypertension, and/or chronic nephritis, in 10 patients with pyelonephritis, and in 16 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism prior to surgical exploration of the neck.

The results were checked in different ways to estimate endogenous parathyroid activity and to assess their diagnostic value.

The percentage of tubular reabsorption of the filtered plasma phosphate, the phosphate clearance, the quotient clearance of phosphate/clearance of inuline, and the phosphate-excretion-index after Nordin and Fraser were calculated.

In all investigated groups there was a high percentage of patients who showed data usually considered characteristic for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Our studies indicate that the mentioned tests are of questionable value for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. The analysis of the renal phosphate excretion only yields poor information about the endogenous parathyroid activity and is by no means sufficient to justify the indication for a surgical exploration of the neck. We found a close correlation between the reduced glomerular filtration and the reduction of the tubular reabsorption of the filtered plasma phosphate. The average amount of the excreted urine phosphate was about 480 gamma per minute in all investigated groups of patients. We conclude that the healthy and diseased kidney is attempted to maintain a constant phosphate excretion. This finding cannot be explained satisfactory at the present time.

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Herrn Professor Dr.Max Schwaiger danken wir für die stete und sehr großzügige Förderung unserer Arbeit, der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für die Unterstützung durch eine Sachbeihilfe.

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Horn, H.D., Nieth, H. & Grote, G. Untersuchungen über die renale Phosphatexkretion bei Kranken mit verschiedenen Nephropathien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kranken mit primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus. Klin Wochenschr 42, 991–999 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01479441

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