Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biochemie der High Density Lipoproteine

HDL Cholesterol: Biochemical aspects

  • Übersichten
  • Published:
Klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

High density lipoproteins are a heterogeneous mixture of spherical macromolecules which differ in size (80–120 Å), chemical composition (apolipoprotein A–I: 30–35%; apolipoprotein A–II: 10–15%; apolipoprotein C: 3–5%; phospholipids 25–30%; cholesterol/cholesterol esters: 15–20%; triglycerides: 3–5%) and physico-chemical properties. They can be isolated through selective precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a)) and, under routine conditions, quantitation can be performed by the determination of their cholesterol or apolipoprotein content. A considerable portion of high density lipoproteins originates in plasma from discoidal phospholipid-apolipoprotein bilayers (thickness: 46 Å; diameter: 190 Å). These bilayers are in part synthesized by the liver and in part derived from the surface of chylomicrons during lipolysis. The role of discoidal precursors of high density lipoproteins in cholesterol-uptake from peripheral cells will be discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Die High Density Lipoproteine sind ein heterogenes Gemisch von sphärischen Makromolekülen, die sich durch die Partikelgröße (80–120 Å), chemische Zusammensetzung (30–35% Apolipoprotein A–I, 10–15% Apolipoprotein A–II, 3–5% Apolipoprotein C, 25–30% Phospholipide, 15–20% Cholesterin/Cholesterinester, 3–5% Triglyzeride) und physikochemische Eigenschaften unterscheiden. Unter Routinebedingungen wird HDL nach selektiver Fällung Apolipoprotein B-haltiger Lipoproteine (very low density-Lipoproteine, low density Lipoproteine, Lipoprotein (a)) im Präzipitationsüberstand durch Bestimmung des Cholesterinanteils oder eines der Apolipoproteine der HDL quantifiziert. Ein wesentlicher Teil der HDL entsteht im Plasma aus diskoidalen Phospholipid-Apolipoprotein-Bilayern (Dicke: 46 Å, Durchmesser: 190 Å), die einerseits aus der Leber stammen und andererseits während der Lipolyse der Chylomikronen gebildet werden. Die Rolle der diskoidalen HDL-Partikel als Cholesterinakzeptoren im Rahmen des zellulären Cholesterinstoffwechsels wird diskutiert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Albers JJ, Wahl PW, Cabana VG, Hazard WR, Hoover JJ (1976) Quantitation of apoprotein A–I of human plasma high density lipoprotein. Metabolism 25:633–644

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson DW, Nichols AV, Forte TM, Lindgren FT (1977) Particle distribution of human high density lipoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 493:55–68

    Google Scholar 

  3. Assmann G, Brewer HB Jr. (1974a) A molecular model of high density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 71:1534–1538

    Google Scholar 

  4. Assmann G, Brewer HB Jr (1974b) Lipid-protein interactions in high density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 71:989–993

    Google Scholar 

  5. Assmann G, Smootz E, Adler K, Capurso A, Oette K (1977) The lipoprotein abnormality in Tangier disease, quantification of A-apoproteins. J Clin Invest 59:565–575

    Google Scholar 

  6. Assmann G, Schriewer H (1980) Zur Analytik des HDL-Cholesterins. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem (eingereicht)

  7. Bang HO, Dyerberg J, Nielsen AB (1971) Plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern in Greenland West-Coast Eskimos. Lancet 1:1143–1145

    Google Scholar 

  8. Berg K, Børresen A, Dahlèn G (1976) Serum high density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic heart disease. Lancet 1:499–502

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bersot TP, Mahley RW, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1976) Interaction of swine lipoproteins with the low density lipoprotein receptor in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 251:2395–2398

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bradley WA, Gotto AM Jr (1978) Structure of intact human plasma lipoproteins. In: Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Dietschy JM, Gotto AM Jr, Ontko JA (eds) Disturbances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. American Physiological Society, Bethesda (Maryland), pp 111–137

    Google Scholar 

  11. Carlson LA (1976) Lipid composition of the major human serum lipoprotein density classes in different types of hyperlipoproteinemia. In: Greten H (ed) Lipoprotein-Metabolism. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 69–79

    Google Scholar 

  12. Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, Hames CG, Hjortland MC, Hully SB, Kagan A, Zukel WJ (1977) HDL-cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Circulation 55:767–772

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cheung MC, Albers JJ (1977) The measurement of apolipoprotein A–I and A–II levels in men and women by immunoassay. J Clin Invest 60:43–50

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cheung MC, Albers JJ (1979) Distribution of cholesterol and apolipoprotein A–I and A–II in human high density lipoprotein subfractions separated by CsCl equilibrium gradient centrifugation: evidence for HDL subpopulations with differing A–I/A–II ratios. J Lipid Res 20:200–207

    Google Scholar 

  15. Curry MD, Alaupovic P, Suenram CA (1976) Determination of apolipoprotein A and its constitutive A–I and A–II polypeptides by separate electroimmunoassays. Clin Chem 22:315–322

    Google Scholar 

  16. Edelstein C, Kèzdy FJ, Scanu AM, Shen BW (1979) Apolipoproteins and the structural organization of plasma lipoproteins: human plasma high density lipoprotein-3. J Lipid Res 20:143–153

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fainaru M, Glangeaud MC, Eisenberg S (1975) Radioimmunoassay of human high density lipoprotein apoprotein A–I. Biochim Biophys Acta 386:432–443

    Google Scholar 

  18. Friedberg SJ, Reynolds JA (1976) The molar ratio of the two major polypeptide components of human high density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 251:4005–4009

    Google Scholar 

  19. Furman RH, Sandbar SS, Alaupovic P, Bradford RH, Howard RP (1964) Studies of the metabolism of radionated human serum alpha-lipoprotein in normal and hyperlipidemic subjects. J Lab Clin Med 63:193–204

    Google Scholar 

  20. Glueck CJ, Fallat RW, Millet F, Gartside P, Elston RC, Go RCP (1975) Familial hyperalpha-lipoproteinemia studies in eighteen kindreds. Metabolism 24:1243–1265

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gofman JW, Lindgren F, Elliot A, Mantz W, Hewitt J, Strisower B, Herring B, Herring V, Lyon TP (1950) The role of lipids and lipoproteins in atherosclerosis. Science 111:166–171

    Google Scholar 

  22. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR (1977) Diabetes, blood lipids and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women. Ann Int Med 87:393–397

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hamilton RL, Williams MC, Fielding CJ, Havel RJ (1976) Discoidal bilayer structure of nascent high density lipoproteins from perfused rat liver. J Clin Invest 58:667–680

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hamilton RL (1978) Hepatic secretion and metabolism of high density lipoproteins. In: Dietschy JM, Gotto AM Jr, Ontko JA (eds) Disturbances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. American Physiological Society, Bethesda (Maryland), pp 155–171

    Google Scholar 

  25. Havel RJ, Shore VG, Shore B, Biou DM (1970) Role of specific glycopeptides of human serum lipoproteins in the activation of lipoprotein lipase. Circ Res 27:595–600

    Google Scholar 

  26. Havel RJ, Fielding CJ, Olivecrona T, Shore VG, Fielding PE, Egelrud TE (1973) Co-factor activity of protein components of human very low density lipoproteins in the hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase from different sources. Biochemistry 12:1828–1833

    Google Scholar 

  27. Karlin JB, Juhn DJ, Starr JI, Scanu AM, Rubenstein AH (1976) Measurement of high density lipoprotein apoprotein A–I in serum by radioimmunoassay. J Lipid Res 17:30–37

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kostner G, Alaupovic P (1972) Studies of the composition and structure of plasma lipoproteins. Separation and quantification of lipoprotein families occuring in high density lipoproteins of human plasma. Biochemistry 11:3419–3428

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kostner GM, Patsch JR, Sailer S, Braunsteiner H, Holasek A (1974) Polypeptide distribution of main lipoprotein density classes separated from human plasma by rate zonal ultracentrifugation. Eur J Biochem 15:611–621

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kostner G (1974) Studies on the cofactor requirement for lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 33:[Suppl] 137:19–21

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kostner GM, Avogaro P, Bon GB, Cazzalato G, Quinci GB (1979) Determination of high density lipoproteins: screening methods compared. Clin Chem 25:939–942

    Google Scholar 

  32. LaRosa JC, Levy RI, Herbert PN, Lux SE, Fredrickson DS (1970) A specific apoprotein activator for lipoprotein lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 41:57–62

    Google Scholar 

  33. Levy RI, Blum GB, Schaefer EJ (1976) The composition, structure and metabolism of high density lipoproteins. In: Greten H (ed) Lipoprotein Metabolism. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 56–64

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lux SE, Hirz R, Shrager RI, Gotto AM Jr (1972) The influence of lipid on the conformation of human plasma high density apolipoproteins. J Biol Chem 247:2598–2606

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Innerarity TL (1974) Canine lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. II. Characterization of the plasma lipoproteins associated with atherogenic and non atherogenic hyperlipidemia. Circ Res 35:722–733

    Google Scholar 

  36. Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Weisgraber KH, Fry DL (1977) Canine hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis: accumulation of lipid by aortic medial cells in vivo and in vitro. Am J Pathol 87:205–225

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mahley RW (1978) Alterations in plasma lipoproteins induced by cholesterol feeding in animals including man. In: Dietschy JM, Gotto AM Jr, Ontko JA (eds) Disturbances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. American Physiological Society, Bethesda (Maryland), pp 181–197

    Google Scholar 

  38. Mao SJT, Sparrow JT, Gilliam EB, Gotto AM Jr, Jackson RL (1977) Mechanism of lipid-protein interaction in the plasma lipoproteins: the lipid-binding properties of synthetic fragments of apolipoprotein A–II. Biochemistry 16:4150–4156

    Google Scholar 

  39. Miller GJ, Miller NE (1975) Plasma high density lipoprotein concentration and development of ischemic heart disease. Lancet 1:16–19

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mjøs OD (1977) High density lipoproteins and coronary heart disease. Scand J Clin Invest 37:191–193

    Google Scholar 

  41. Nikkilä EA (1978) Metabolic regulation of plasma high density lipoprotein concentrations. Eur J Clin Invest 8:111–113

    Google Scholar 

  42. Patsch JR, Sailer S, Kostner G, Sandhofer F, Holasek A, Braunsteiner H (1974) Separation of the main lipoprotein density classes from human plasma by rate-zonal ultracentrifugation. J Lipid Res 15:356–366

    Google Scholar 

  43. Pattnaik NH, Kèzdy FJ, Scanu AM (1976) Kinetic study of the action of snake venom phospholipase A2 on human serum high density lipoprotein-3. J Biol Chem 251:1984–1990

    Google Scholar 

  44. Philips MC, Evans MTA, Hauser H (1975) Monolayers. In: Goddard ED (ed) Advances in Chemistry Series Vol 144. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 217–230

    Google Scholar 

  45. Rachmilewitz D, Stein O, Roheim PS, Stein Y (1972) Metabolism of iodinated high density lipoprotein in the rat, autoradiographic localisation in the liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 270:414–425

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ragland JB, Bertram PD, Sabesin SM (1978) Identification of nascent high density lipoproteins containing arginine-rich protein in human plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 80:81–88

    Google Scholar 

  47. Rhoads GG, Gulbrandsen CL, Kagan A (1976) Serum lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in the population study of Hawaii Japanese men. New Engl J Med 294:293–298

    Google Scholar 

  48. Rubenstein B (1979) Protein content and composition of human high density lipoprotein subfractions. Atherosclerosis 33:415–423

    Google Scholar 

  49. Scanu AM, Edelstein C, Keim P (1975) In: Putnam F (ed) Serum Lipoproteins in the Plasma Proteins, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York, pp 318–385

    Google Scholar 

  50. Schaefer JE, Jenkins II, Brewer HB Jr (1978) Human chylomicron apolipoprotein metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 80:405–412

    Google Scholar 

  51. Schonfeld G, Pfleger B (1974) The structure of human high density lipoprotein and the levels of apolipoprotein A–I in plasma as determined by radioimmunoassay. J Clin Invest 54:236–246

    Google Scholar 

  52. Schonfeld G, Bailey A, Steelman R (1979) Plasma, apolipoprotein A–I and A–II levels in hyperlipidemia. Lipids 13:951–959

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shepherd J, Packard CJ, Patsch JR, Gotto AM Jr, Taunton OD (1978) Metabolism of apolipoproteins A–I and A–II and its influence on the high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution in males and females. Eur J Clin Invest 8:115–120

    Google Scholar 

  54. Stoffel W, Zierenberg O, Tunggal B, Schreiber E (1974)13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic evidence for hydrophobic lipid-protein interactions in human high density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 71:3696–3700

    Google Scholar 

  55. Stoffel W, Därr W, Salm KP (1979) Chemical proof of lipidprotein interaction by crosslinking photosensitiv lipids to apoproteins. Intermolecular cross-linkage between high-density apolipoprotein A–I and lecithin and sphingomyelin. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 358:453–462

    Google Scholar 

  56. Stoffel W, Metz P (1979a) Covalent cross-linking of photosensitiv phospholipids to human serum high density apolipoproteins (apo HDL). Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 360:197–206

    Google Scholar 

  57. Stoffel W, Metz P, Heller R (1979b) Covalent binding of photosensitive 1-(12-azido-[9, 10-3H2]oleoyl) glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysolecithin) to human serum high density apolipoproteins. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 360:1319–1325

    Google Scholar 

  58. Stoffel W, Preisner K (1979c) Conformational analysis of serum apolipoprotein A–II in lipoprotein complexes with bifunctional crosslinking reagents. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 360:691–707

    Google Scholar 

  59. Stoffel W, Preisner K (1979d) Surface localisation of apolipoprotein A–II in lipoprotein complexes. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol Chem 360:685–690

    Google Scholar 

  60. Utermann GH, Menzel J, Langer KH (1974) On the polypeptide composition of an abnormal high density lipoprotein (LP-E) occurring in LCAT deficient plasma. FEBS Lett. 45:29–32

    Google Scholar 

  61. Van Berkel TJC, Van Tol A (1978) In vivo uptake of human and rat low density and high density lipoprotein by parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells from rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 530:299–304

    Google Scholar 

  62. Warnick GR, Cheung MC, Albers JJ (1979) Comparision of current methods for high density lipoprotein cholesterol quantitation. Clin Chem 25:596–604

    Google Scholar 

  63. Windmueller HG, Herbert PN, Levy RI (1973) Biosynthesis of lymph and plasma lipoprotein apoproteins by isolated perfused rat liver and intestine. J Lipid Res 14:215–223

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrallaboratorium der Medizinischen Einrichtungen der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westring 3, D-4400, Münster i. Westf.

    G. Assmann & H. Schriewer

Authors
  1. G. Assmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Schriewer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Assmann, G., Schriewer, H. Biochemie der High Density Lipoproteine. Klin Wochenschr 58, 749–756 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01478282

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01478282

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation