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Neurohypophyseal vasopressor principle: Vasopressor hormone as well as antidiuretic hormone?

Das vasopressorische Prinzip der Neurohypophyse: Ist es nicht nur das antidiuretische Hormon, sondern auch ein vasopressorisches Hormon?

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Zusammenfassung

Es wird eine zusammenfassende Darstellung gegeben über Untersuchungen zur vasopressorischen Wirkung von Arginin-Vasopressin (AVP) bei Ratten mit renalem, spontanem und DOC-induziertem Hochdruck, sowie beim akuten Blutdruckanstieg nach intracerebroventrikulärer Injektion von Angiotensin II und im akuten Nierenversagen.

Zur Messung von Plasma-AVP wurde ein Radioimmunoassay entwickelt. Aufgrund einer Reihe von erfüllten Kriterien konnte geschlossen, jedoch nicht bewiesen werden, daß der verwendete Antikörper in Plasma-Extrakten ausschließlich AVP mißt. Zur Hemmung der vasopressorischen Wirkung von AVP wurde ein spezifisches AVP-Antiserum verwendet. Die Resultate einer Reihe von Kontroll-Versuchen erhärteten den Schluß, erbrachten jedoch nicht den Beweis, daß dieser Antikörper eine Blutdrucksenkung ausschließlich durch AVP-Blockade verursacht.

Für die genannten Tiermodelle wurde gezeigt, daß AVP dann eine systemische Vasokonstriktion und damit einen erhöhten Blutdruck verursacht, wenn seine Plasma-Konzentrationen erhöht sind. In den Hochdruckmodellen, in welchen das Renin-Angiotensin-System keine Rolle in der Blutdruckregulation zu spielen scheint, besteht zwischen Blutdruckhöhe und der entsprechenden AVP-Plasmakonzentration eine enge quantitative Beziehung. Wenn diese Beziehung verglichen wird mit der entsprechenden Beziehung während AVP-Infusion im normotensiven Tier, so zeigt sich eine starke Linksverschiebung. Daraus geht hervor, daß in den verschiedenen Hochdruckmodellen eine Sensibilisierung auf die vasopressorische Wirkung des AVP stattfindet und zwar um ein Ausmaß, das den Faktor 1000 übersteigt.

Aufgrund der dargestellten Befunde wird geschlossen, daß AVP nicht nur das antidiuretische Hormon ist, sondern auch ein vasopressorisches Hormon, und daß eine notwendige Voraussetzung für einen vasopressorischen Effekt von AVP ein Sensibilisierungs-Mechanismus ist.

Summary

Studies on the vasopressor role of the antidiuretic hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in DOC hypertension, in two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension, and in spontaneous hypertension of rats, and during acute blood pressure elevation after intracerebroventricular injection of angiotensin II and in glycerol-induced acute renal failure of rats are reviewed.

For the measurement of plasma AVP a radioimmunoassay has been developed. For this assay, a series of criteria has been met which allows the conclusion that, in plasma of rats, the antibody measures AVP only. For the blockade of vasopressor effects of AVP a specific antiserum has been used. On the basis of a series of control studies it has been concluded, but not proven that the antiserum lowers blood pressure exclusively by blockade of AVP.

It could be shown that in the various animal models of hypertension and of acute blood pressure elevation AVP exerts systemic vasoconstriction when its plasma concentrations are elevated. In those models where the renin-angiotensin system played no role in blood pressure control, the height of blood pressure was closely related to the plasma AVP concentrations. When this relationship was compared with that obtained after the i.v. infusion or injection of AVP, a marked shift to the left became apparent. Hence, sensitization to the vasopressor effect of AVP had occurred, the factor of sensitization amounting to more than 1,000.

It is concluded that AVP is not only an antidiuretic hormone but also a vasopressor hormone, and that any systemic vasopressor effect of AVP requires a mechanism of sensitization.

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  1. Centre de Recherche Merrell International, Strasbourg, France

    J. Möhring

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Möhring, J. Neurohypophyseal vasopressor principle: Vasopressor hormone as well as antidiuretic hormone?. Klin Wochenschr 56 (Suppl 1), 71–79 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01477456

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01477456

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