Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of verapamil on P-R-intervals in relation to verapamil plasma levels following single i.v. and oral administration and during chronic treatment

Wirkung von Verapamil auf die PQ-Zeit in Beziehung zu den Verapamil Plasmaspiegeln nach intravenöser und oraler Einzelgabe und während Dauertherapie

  • Originalien
  • Published:
Klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Sowohl nach intravenöser und oraler Einzelgabe als auch während chronischer oraler Behandlung mit Verapamil ließ sich eine signifikante Beziehung zwischen Verapamil-Plasmakonzentration und der Wirkung auf die PQ-Zeit feststellen. Nach intravenöser Verabreichung fand sich eine lineare Beziehung zwischen Verapamil-Plasmaspiegel und Δ PQ (y=x (0,74) + 1,8), wobei die Variation der Steilheit der Konzentrationswirkungsbeziehung nur geringe interindividuelle Unterschiede aufwies. (Variationscoeffizient 18,7%; 0,71–1,10). Die Steilheit der nach oraler Gabe beobachteten Plasmakonzentrationswirkungsbeziehung (y=x (0,33)−3,0) unterschied sich statistisch signifikant (p<0,05) von der Steilheit der intravenösen Konzentrationswirkungsbeziehung. Erhebliche interindividuelle Schwankungen in der Steilheit dieser Konzentrationswirkungsbeziehung wurden nach oraler Gabe beobachtet (Bereich 0,13–0,47). Im Mittel waren nach oraler Gabe 2–3mal höhere Verapamil-Plasmaspiegel notwendig, um die gleiche Zunahme der PQ-Zeit wie nach intravenöser Applikation zu erzielen. Die plausibelste Erklärung für diese Unterschiede in der Steilheit der Plasmakonzentrations-wirkungsbeziehung dürfte in einem stereo-selektiven Firstpass Metabolismus nach oraler Gabe zu suchen sein. Da nach oraler Applikation die Steilheit der Plasmaspiegelwirkungsbeziehung wesentlich flacher als nach intravenöser Applikation verläuft, muß man annehmen, daß das pharmakologisch wesentlich wirksamere L-Isomer einen wesentlich stärkeren First-Pass Metabolismus als das D-Isomer unterliegt.

Summary

A close relationship between verapamil plasma concentration and effect on P–R interval could be established both after single i.v. and oral administration and during chronic oral treatment. After i.v. administration a linear relationship between verapamil plasma concentration and Δ P–R (y=x (0.74)+1.8) with a small between subject variation in the slope of the regression (%coefficient of variation 18.7, range 0.71–1.10) was observed. The slope of the oral plasma concentration response regression (y=x (0.33)−3.0) was statistically significantly (p<0.05) less than the slope of the i.v. plasma level response regression. Interindividual variation in the slope was most pronounced (range 0.13 to 0.47). On average two to three times higher verapamil plasma levels were required after oral administration in order to produce the same increase in Δ PR as after intravenous administration. The most plausible explanation for the different slopes of the plasma level response regression seems to be stereo-selective presystemic elimination. Since after oral administration the plasma level response curve is less steep than after i.v. administration this indicates that the more active l-isomer is preferentially metabolized during hepatic first-pass metabolism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Andreasen F, Boye E, Christoffersen E, Dalsgaard P, Henneberg E, Kallenbach A, Ladefoged S, Lillquist K, Mikkelsen E, Nordero E, Olsen J, Pedersen JK, Pedersen V, Bruun Pedersen G, Schroll J, Schulz H, Seidelin J (1975) Assessment of verapamil in the treatment of angina pectoris. Eur J Cardiol 2:443–452

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bender F (1970) Die Behandlung tachykarder Arrhythmien und der arteriellen Hypertonie mit Verapamil. Arzneim Forsch 20:1310–1325

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eichelbaum M, Somogyi A, Unruh von GE, Dengler HJ (1980a) Simultaneous determination of the i.v. and oral pharmaeokinetic parameters of D,L-verapamil using stable labelled verapamil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (submitted for publication)

  4. Eichelbaum M, Somogyi A, Unruh GE von, Dengler HJ (1980b) Superiority of stable labelled techniques in the bioavailability assessment of drugs undergoing extensive first pass elimination. Studies on the relative bioavailability of verapamil tablets. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (submitted for publication)

  5. Eichelbaum M, Ende M, Remberg G, Schomerus M, Dengler HJ (1979) The metabolism of D,L-(14C)verapamil in man. Drug Metab Dispos 7:145–148

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fleckenstein A, Tritthart H, Fleckenstein B, Herbst A, Grün G (1969) Eine neue Gruppe kompetitiver Ca++-Antagonisten (Iproveratril, D 600, Prenylamin) mit starken Hemmeffekten auf die elektromechanische Koppelung im Warmblütermyokard. Pfluegers Arch 307:25–32

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fleckenstein A (1972) Physiologie und Pharmakologie der transmembranären Natrium-, Kalium- und Calcium-Bewegung. Arzneim Forsch 22:2019–2029

    Google Scholar 

  8. Galeazzi RL, Benet LZ, Sheiner LB (1976) Relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of procainamide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 20:278–289

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goldstein A (1964) Biostatistics: An introductory text. Mac Millan Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Koike Y, Shimamura K, Shudo J, Saito H (1979) Pharmacokinetics of verapamil in man. Res Comm Chem Pathol Pharmacol 24:37–47

    Google Scholar 

  11. Neugebauer G (1978) Comparative cardiovascular actions of verapamil and its major metabolites in the anaesthetised dog. Cardiovas Res 12:247–254

    Google Scholar 

  12. Raschack M (1976) Relationship of antiarrhythmic to inotropic activity and antiarrhythmic qualities of the optical isomers of verapamil. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 294:285–291

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rosen MR, Wit AL, Hoffmann BF (1975) Electrophysiology and pharmacology of cardiac arrthythmias. IV. Cardiac effects of verapamil. Am Heart J 89:665–673

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schomerus M, Spiegelhalder B, Stieren B, Eichelbaum M (1976) Physiological disposition of verapamil in man. Cardiovasc Res 10:605–612

    Google Scholar 

  15. Singh BN, Ellrodt G, Peter CT (1978) Verapamil: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 15:169–197

    Google Scholar 

  16. Somogyi A, Albrecht M, Kliems K, Schäfer K, Eichelbaum M (1980) Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and ECG response of verapamil in patients with liver cirrhosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol (submitted for publication)

  17. Spiegelhalder B, Eichelbaum M (1977) Determination of verapamil in human plasma by mass fragmentography using stablelabelled verapamil as internal standard. Arzneim Forsch 27:94–97

    Google Scholar 

  18. Walle T, Walle UK (1979) Stereoselective oral bioavailability of (±)-propranol in the dog. A GC-MS study using a stable isotope technique. Res Comm Chem Pathol Pharmacol 23:453–464

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eichelbaum, M., Birkel, P., Grube, E. et al. Effects of verapamil on P-R-intervals in relation to verapamil plasma levels following single i.v. and oral administration and during chronic treatment. Klin Wochenschr 58, 919–925 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01477049

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01477049

Schlüsselwörter

Key words

Navigation