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Antibodies against lipoproteins in man occurrence and biological significance

Antikörper gegen Lipoproteine beim Menschen. Vorkommen und biologische Bedeutung

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Summary

Human antibodies against lipoproteins can be divided into three types according to occurrence, specificity and the effect they exert on the concentrations of the serum lipoproteins and lipids.

1. Isoantibodies against genetically determined polymorphisms of the low-density and high-density lipoproteins occurring almost exclusively in sera of patients who have received multiple transfusions of blood or plasma. They are apparently clinically irrelevant because they provoke no complications after transfusions and do not alter the lipoprotein levels.

2. Autoantibodies against the lipid portion of lipoproteins. These may be monoclonal immunoglobulins with specificity towards lipids in multiple myeloma or polyclonal antibodies in essential hyperlipidemia. The antigen determinant is presumably a phospholipid. This type of autoantibody is of clinical interest because it is always associated with hyperlipidemia which can be ascribed to a retardation of the lipolysis due to a blockade of the enzyme receptors on the lipoproteins by the autoantibodies.

3. Autoantibodies against the protein moiety (apoproteins) of lipoproteins, in either monoclonal or polyclonal form in multiple myeloma and other paraproteinemias, in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and in cancer. These autoantibodies are characteristically associated with a hypolipidemia which is thought to be caused by an increase in the catabolism of the lipoprotein-autoantibody complexes.

Zusammenfassung

Humane Antikörper gegen Lipoproteine lassen sich auf Grund ihrer Entstehung, ihrer Spezifität und ihres Einflusses auf die Lipoprotein- und Lipidkonzentration des Serums in drei Typen unterteilen.

1.Isoantikörper gegen genetisch determinierte Polymorphismen der “low density” und “high density” Lipoproteine, die vor allem im Serum Polytransfundierter auftreten. Sie sind klinisch irrelevant, da sie weder zu Transfusionszwischenfällen noch zu einer Veränderung des Lipidstoffwechsels führen.

2.Autoantikörper gegen den Lipidanteil der Lipoproteine. Es handelt sich dabei entweder um monoklonale Immunglobuline mit einer Lipidspezifität bei multiplem Myelom oder um polyklonale Autoantikörper bei „essentieller“ Hyperlipidämie. Die Antigendeterminante ist vermutlich ein Phospholipid. Klinisch ist dieser Typ von Autoantikörper deshalb von Bedeutung, weil er stets mit einer Hyperlipidämie einhergeht, die ihrerseits auf eine Verzögerung der Lipolyse infolge einer Blockierung der entsprechenden Enzym-Receptoren durch den Autoantikörper zurückgeführt wird.

3.Autoantikörper gegen den Proteinanteil (Apoprotein) der Lipoproteine. Sie treten als monoklonale oder polyklonale Antikörper vor allem bei Myelom und anderen Paraproteinämien, bei entzündlichem Rheumatismus mit negativer Rheumaserologie und bei bösartigen Geschwülsten in Erscheinung. Dieser Typ von Autoantikörper geht charakteristischerweise mit einer Hypolipidämie einher, wobei in diesen Fällen ein beschleunigter Katabolismus der Lipoprotein-Autoantikörper-Komplexe für die Verminderung der Serumlipide und Lipoproteine verantwortlich ist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für klinisch-experimentelle Tumorforschung der Universität Bern, Schweiz

    Walter Riesen & Giorgio Noseda

  2. Institut für klinische Eiweißforschung der Universität Bern, Schweiz

    Walter Riesen & Giorgio Noseda

  3. Tiefenauspital, Medizinisch-Propädeutischen Universitätsklinik, Bern, Schweiz

    Walter Riesen & Giorgio Noseda

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  1. Walter Riesen
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Riesen, W., Noseda, G. Antibodies against lipoproteins in man occurrence and biological significance. Klin Wochenschr 53, 353–361 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01468673

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