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Neue Aspekte zur sympathischen Kontrolle der Haut- und Muskelgefäße beim wachen Menschen

New aspects of sympathetic control of skin and muscle vessels in awake human subjects

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Summary

The introduction of a new microneurographic technique made possible to obtain recordings of multi-unit sympathetic activity in peripheral skin and muscle nerves of awake human subjects. Muscle nerve sympathetic activity consists of pulse synchronous bursts that occur during transient reductions of arterial blood pressure and disappear more or less completely during spontaneous or induced blood pressure elevations. The sympathetic bursts themselves were thought to be initiated during diastolic pressure falls. The results indicate that the sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses destined to the vascular bed of the skeletal muscles are under strong baroreflex control. This interpretation has further been confirmed by recordings in patients with heart arrhythmias showing that a beat-to-beat correlation between the irregularities in the blood pressure curve and neural events became possible and by nerve recordings during electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves. The spontaneous multi-unit sympathetic activity recorded in skin nerves, probably consisting of both vasoconstrictor and sudomotor impulses, differs in several respects from muscle nerve sympathetic activity: bursts of variable duration occur randomly showing neither pulse synchronous grouping nor correlation to blood pressure fluctuations.

The neural activity is regularly affected by emotional, thermal and respiratory stimuli. Both the different patterns of sympathetic activity in skin and muscle nerves at rest and the different responses to various manoeuvres indicate a selective regional control of the sympathetic outflow.

Zusammenfassung

Mit einer neuen mikroneurographischen Technik kann sympathische Nervenaktivität (Multiunit-Ableitung) zum Haut- und Muskelgefäßbett am wachen Menschen in Ruhe und während verschiedener experimenteller Bedingungen registriert werden. Sympathische Muskelnervenaktivität ist charakterisiert durch pulssynchrone Impulssalven, deren Intensität bei abfallendem Blutdruck zunimmt und bei ansteigendem Blutdruck gewöhnlich mehr oder weniger völlig zum Erlöschen kommt. Die Pulssynchronie und das inverse Verhalten von Blutdruck und Nervenaktivität werden als Ausdruck einer strengen Baroreflexkontrolle der sympathischen Vasokonstriktorsignale zum Muskelgefäßbett gedeutet. Die Richtigkeit dieser Interpretation wird ferner bekräftigt durch Sympathicusableitungen bei Patienten mit Herzrhythmusstörungen, bei denen eine enge Korrelation zwischen den Unregelmäßigkeiten der arteriellen Druckkurve und dem Neurogramm zu finden ist, sowie durch die, auch therapeutisch zu nutzende, Beeinflußbarkeit sympathischer Muskelnervenaktivität durch elektrische Stimulation der Carotissinusnerven. Die sympathische Hautnervenaktivität, die sich aus Vasokonstriktor- und Sudomotorfasern zusammensetzt, unterscheidet sich in mehrfacher Hinsicht von der Muskelnervenaktivität: sie ist gekennzeichnet durch ein unregelmäßiges Aktivitätsbild mit Entladungen unterschiedlicher Dauer, die keine Pulssynchronie und keine Korrelation zu Schwankungen des arteriellen Drucks erkennen lassen. Sie ist leicht beeinflußbar durch emotionelle und thermische Reize. Frühere, in der Kreislaufphysiologie entwickelte Vorstellungen von einer regionalen Differenzierung der sympathischen Kontrolle werden durch die vorliegenden Ergebnisse bestätigt.

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Wallin, G., Delius, W. Neue Aspekte zur sympathischen Kontrolle der Haut- und Muskelgefäße beim wachen Menschen. Klin Wochenschr 52, 457–465 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01468533

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