Skip to main content
Log in

Unorthodox thoughts on the nature and mission of contemporary educational psychology

  • Published:
Educational Psychology Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two commonly held assumptions are questioned—that mental states and processes are to be studied in isolation, and that individuals' psychology can be studied out of social and cultural context. The view presented here is that of an educational psychology focusing on the study and design of complex and contextualized composites, making it analogous to architecture and aerospace science, fields that deal with composites and whose units of analysis reflect rather than reduce the complexity of the phenomena they study and design. Design and study of learning environments are argued to serve as the apex of the field's scholarly activities. Guttman's Small Space Analysis is offered as a useful tool for such activities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainley, M. D. (1993). Styles of engagement with learning: Multidimensional assessment of their relationship with strategy use and school achievement.J. Educ. Psychol. 85: 395–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altman, I. (1988). Process, transactional/contextual, and outcome research: An alternative to the traditional distinction between basic and applied research.Soc. Behav. 3: 259–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. (1984). Educational psychology as an academic chameleon: An editorial assessment after 75 years.J. Educ. Psychol. 76: 993–999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory.Am. Psychol. 44: 1175–1184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banaji, M. R., and Crowder, R. G. (1989). The bankruptcy of every day memory.Am. Psychol. 44: 1185–1193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, J. (1982). Personality and intelligence. In Sternberg, R. J. (ed.),Handbook of Human Intelligence, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berliner, D. C. (1992). Telling the stories of educational psychology.Educ. Psychol. 27: 143–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development.Am. Psychol. 32: 513–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments. Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings.J. Learn. Sci. 2: 141–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and Campione, J. C. (in press). Psychological theory and the design of innovative learning environments: On procedures, principles, and systems. In Schauble, L., and Glaser, R. (eds.),Contributions of Instructional Innovation to Understanding Learning, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.

  • Bruner, J. (1991).Acts of Meaning, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, S., Lehrer, R., Connell, T., and Erickson, J. (1992). Learning by hypermedia design: Issues of assessment and implementation:Educ. Psychol. 27: 385–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceci, S. J., and Bronfenbrenner, U. (1991). On the demise of everyday memory: “The rumors of my death are much exaggerated” (Mark Twain).Am. Psychol. 46: 27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt (in press). Learning Technology Center Peabody College at Vanderbilt University. In Berliner, D. C., and Calfee, R. C. (eds.),The Handbook of Educational Psychology, Macmillan Publishing, New York.

  • Cole, M. (1991). Conclusion. In Resnick, L. B., Levine, J. M., and Teasley, S. D. (eds.),Socially Shared Cognition, American Psychological Association, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology.Am. Psychol. 3: 116–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1982). Prudent aspirations for social inquiry. In Kruskal, W. H. (ed.),The Social Sciences, Their Nature and Uses, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, T. M., and Cunningham, D. J. (in press). Constructivism: Implications for the design and delivery of instruction. In Jonassen, D. H. (ed.),Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, Scholastic, New York.

  • Gibbs, J. C. (1979). The meaning of ecologically oriented inquiry in contemporary psychology.Am. Psychol. 34: 127–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, E. J. (1994). Has psychology a future?Psychol. Sci. 5(2): 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gigerenzer, G. (1991). From tools to theories: A heuristic discovery in cognitive psychology.Psychol. Rev. 98: 254–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, R., and Bassok, M. (1989). Learning theory and the study of instruction.Annu. Rev. Psychol. 40: 631–666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goff, M., and Ackerman, P. L. (1992). Personality—Intelligence relations: Assessment of typical intellectual engagement.J. Educ. Psychol. 84(4): 537–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., MacArthur, C., and Schwartz, S. (1995). Effects of goal setting and procedural facilitation on the revising behavior and writing performance on students with writing and learning problems.J. Educ. Psychol. 87: 230–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guttman, L. (1969). A general nonmetric technique for finding the smallest coordinate space for a configuration of points.Psychometrics 33: 465–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamachek, D. E. (1987). Humanistic psychology: Theory, postulates, and implications for educational processes. In Glover, J., and Ronning, R. (eds.),Historical Foundations of Educational Psychology, Plenum Press, New York & London, pp. 159–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iran-Nejad, A., McKeachie, W. J., and Berliner, D. C. (1990). The multisource nature of learning: An introduction.Rev. Educ. Res. 60: 509–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. E. (1979). The rocky road from acts to dispositions.Am. Psychol. 34(2): 107–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karabenick, S. A., and Sharma, R. (1994). Perceived teacher support of student questioning in the college classroom: Its relation to student characteristics and role in the classroom questioning process.J. Educ. Psychol. 86: 90–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kass, A., Burke, R., Blevis, E., and Williamson, M. (1993/4). The design of goal-based scenarios.J. Learn. Sci. 3: 387–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., and Wenger, E. (1991).Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1995). Vexing research problems inherent in cognitive-mediational theories of emotion—and some solutions.Psychol. Inq. 6: 183–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. W. (1992). Extracurricular activities: Beneficial extension of the traditional curriculum or subversion of academic goals?J. Educ. Psychol. 84: 533–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. E. (1992). Cognition and instruction: Their historic meeting within educational psychology.J. Educ. Psychol. 84: 405–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, W. J. (1973). The yin and yang of social psychology: Seven koan.J. Person. Soc. Psychol. 26: 446–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Messick, S. (1987). Structural relationship across cognition, personality and style. In Snow, R. E., and Farr, M. J. (eds.),Aptitude, Learning and Instruction: Vol. 3: Conative and Affective Process Analysis, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 35–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, W., and Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory and personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics and invariance in personality structure.Psychol. Rev. 102: 246–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. (1993). Situational interest: Its multifaceted structure in the secondary school mathematics classroom.J. Educ. Psychol. 85: 424–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pea, R. D. (1993). Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. In Salomon, G. (ed.),Distributed Cognitions, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 47–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, D. N. (1993). Person-plus: A distributed view of thinking and learning. In Salomon, G. (ed.),Distributed Cognitions, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 88–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian, G., and Alvermann, D. (1995). Role of epistemological beliefs and learned helplessness in secondary school students' learning science concepts from text.J. Educ. Psychol. 87: 282–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pintrich, P. (1994). Continuities and discontinuities: Future directions for research in educational psychology.Educ. Psychol. 29: 137–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prilleltensky, I. (1989). Psychology and the status quo.Am. Psychol. 44: 795–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L. B. (1981). Instructional psychology.Ann. Rev. Psychol. 32: 659–704.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riger, S. (1992). Epistemological debates, feminist voices: Science, social values, and the study of women.Am. Psychol. 47: 730–740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saklofske, D. H., and Zeidner, M. (eds.) (1995).Handbook of Personality and Intelligence, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, G. (1993). No distribution without individuals' cognition: A dynamic interactional view. In Salomon, G. (ed.),Distributed Cognition, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 111–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, G., and Perkins, D. (in press). Learning in wonderland: What do computers really offer education? In Kerr, S. (ed.),The 1996 NSSE Handbook.

  • Sanford, N. (1973). Will psychologists study human problems?Am. Psychol. 28: 192–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, S. B. (1981).Psychology Misdirected, The Free Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, S. B. (1991).The Predictable Failure of Educational Reform, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxe, G. S. (1991).Culture and Cognitive Development: Studies in Mathematical Understanding, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarr, S. (1985). Constructing psychology: Making facts and fables for our times.Am. Psychol. 40: 499–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, W., Korkel, J., and Weinert, F. E. (1989). Domain-specific knowledge and memory performance: A comparison of high- and low-aptitude children.Educ. Psychol. 81: 306–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle, J. R. (1992).The Rediscovery of the Mind, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, L. S. (1981). Educational Psychology Returns to School. G. Stanley Hall Lecture Series, American Psychological Association.

  • Simon, H. A. (1982).The Sciences of the Artificial, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, R. J., and Slavin, R. E. (1995). The cooperative elementary school: Effects on students' achievement, attitudes, and social relations.Am. Educ. Res. J. 32: 321–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, C. E. (1994). Strategic learning/strategic teaching: Flip sides of a coin. In Pintrich, P. R., Brown, D. R., and Weinstein, C. E. (eds.),Student Motivation, Cognition, and Learning: Essays in Honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie, LEA, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 257–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, T., and Flores, F. (1987).Understanding Computers and Cognition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittrock, M. C. (1992). An empowering conception of educational psychology.Educ. Psychol. 27: 129–141.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Salomon, G. Unorthodox thoughts on the nature and mission of contemporary educational psychology. Educ Psychol Rev 8, 397–417 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01463941

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01463941

Key words

Navigation