Abstract
Perturbation theory for the Klein-Gordon equation is developed through third order using the Feshbach-Villars formalism. The use of such a rearrangement of the original equation is necessitated by the incorporation of a vector interaction in a second-order wave equation. The effect of nuclear finite size on the energy levels ofS-states is developed through order (Z α)6 as an illustration. Finally, the differences between results for the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are discussed, as well as the physical origins of these differences.
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See Appendix B, equations B10 and B12, of [6]
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This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Dept. of Energy. We thank the Mathlab group of the Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT) for the use of MACSYMA.
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Friar, J.L. Feshbach-Villars perturbation theory for pionic atom problems. Z Physik A 297, 147–152 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01421471
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01421471