Summary
Surface sugar residues were ultrastructurally localized in two strains ofHymenoscyphus ericae, one having a strong tendency to form ericoid mycorrhiza, the other, very little. The strains were studied both in the presence and absence of the host plant. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Concanavalin A (Con A)-colloidal gold complexes were used as cytochemical markers.
N-acetylglucosamine residues were localized exclusively on septa and on the inner electron-transparent layer of longitudinal walls, confirming the presence of chitin in well defined regions of the fungal cell wall, both in the infective and in the noninfective strain.
Con A-binding sites were detected on extracellular material commonly radiating from the wall of the infective strain. They were particularly abundant when the infective strain was in contact with the host, but were uncommon on the surface of the noninfective strain, whether this was in contact with the host or not.
The extracellular material presumed to contain glucose and mannose residues appears to be important in establishing contact between fungus and host.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bayer ME, Carlemalm E, Kellenberger E (1985) Capsule ofEscherichia coli K 29: Ultrastructural Preservation and Immunoelectron Microscopy. J Bacteriol 162: 985–991
Brawner DL, Cutler JE (1986) Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of two dinamically expressed cell surface determinants onCandida albicans. Infect Immun 51 (1): 327–336
Benhamou N, Ouellette GB (1986) Ultrastructural localization of glycoconjugates in the fungusAscocalix abietina, the scleroderris canker agent of Conifers, using lectin-gold complexes. J Histochem Cytochem 34 (7): 855–867
Bonfante-Fasolo P, Gianinazzi-Pearson V (1982) Ultrastructural aspects of endomycorrhiza in theEricaceae. III. Morphology of the dissociated symbionts and modifications occurring during their reassociation in axenic culture. New Phytol 91: 691–704
—,Perotto S (1986) Visualization of surface sugar residues in mycorrhizal ericoid fungi by fluorescein conjugated lectins. Symbiosis 1: 269–288
—,Vian B, Testa B (1986) Ultrastructural localization of chitin in the cell wall of a fungal spore. Biology of the Cell 57: 265–270
—,Marzachi' C, Testa B (1986 a) Structural modifications of the fungal wall before and during VAM symbiosis. In:Lutgtenberg B (ed) Recognition in microbe-plant symbiotic and pathogenic interactions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 283–286
Chamberland H, Charest PM, Ouelette GB, Pauze FJ (1985) Chitinase gold complex used to localize chitin ultrastructurally in tomato root cells infected byFusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicislycopersici, compared with a chitin specific gold-conjugated lectin. Histochem J 17: 313–321
Duclos JL, Fortin JA (1983) Effect of glucose and active charcoal onin vitro synthesis of ericoid mycorrhiza withVaccinium spp. New Phytol 94: 95–102
Evans RC, Stempen H, Stewart SJ (1981) Development of hyphal sheaths inBipolaris maydis race r. Can J Bot 59: 453–459
Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold solutions. Nature Phys Sci 241: 20–22
Geoghenham WD, Ackermann GA (1977) Adsorption of horseradish peroxidase, ovomucoid and anti immunoglobulin to colloidal gold for the indirect detection of concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and goat antihuman immunoglobulin G on cell surfaces at the electron microscopic level: a new method, theory and application. J Histochem Cytochem 25: 1187–1200
Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Bonfante-Fasolo P (1986) Variability in wall structure and mycorrhizal behaviour of ericoid fungal isolates. In:Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Gianinazzi S (eds) Physiological and genetical aspects of mycorrhizae. INRA Press, Paris, pp 563–567
— —,Dexheimer J (1986) Ultrastructural studies of surface interactions during adhesion and infection by ericoid endomycorrhizal fungi. In:Lutgtenberg B (ed) Recognition in microbeplant symbiotic and pathogenic interactions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 273–282
Harley JL, Smith SE (1983) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, London New York
Murray GM, Maxwell DP (1975) Penetration ofZea mays byHelmintosporium carbonum. Can J Bot 53: 2872–2883
Pearson V (1971) The biology of mycorrhizae in theEricaceae. Ph.D. University of Sheffield
—,Read DJ (1973) The biology of mycorrhiza in theEricaceae. I. The isolation of the endophyte and synthesis of mycorrhizas in aseptic culture. New Phytol 72: 371–379
Roberts K,Johnston AWB,Lloyd CW,Shaw P,Woolhouse HW (1985) The cell surface in plant growth and development. J Cell Sci [Suppl] 2
Roberts RL, Bowers B, Slater M, Cabib E (1983) Chitin synthesis and localization in cell division cycle mutants. Mol Cell Biol 3: 922–930
Roth J (1983) The colloidal gold marker system for light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. In:Bullock GR, Petrusz P (eds) Techniques in immunocytochemistry. Academic Press, London New York, vol 2, pp 217–284
Tronchin G, Poulain D, Vernes A (1984) Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies ofCandida albicans III. Evidence for modifications of the cell wall coat during adherence to human buccal epithelial cells. Arch Microbiol 139: 221–224
Wessels JGH, Sietsma JH (1981) Fungal cell walls: a survey. In:Tanner W, Loewus FA (eds) Plant carbohydrates II. Extracellular carbohydrates. Encyclopedia of plant physiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 352–394
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bonfante-Fasolo, P., Perotto, S., Testa, B. et al. Ultrastructural localization of cell surface sugar residues in ericoid mycorrhizal fungi by gold-labeled lectins. Protoplasma 139, 25–35 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01417532
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01417532