Abstract
Dynamical calculations of angular distributions and intensities of two-collision 1s σ molecular orbital x rays in 12–90-MeV Ni + Ni collisions are reported. The Coriolis and spin-orbit coupling between 2pσ and 2pπ and the 3pσ and 3pπ molecular orbitals is included. Due to Coriolis coupling, the molecular wavefunctions and therefore the transition dipoles do not follow the rotation of the internuclear axis in collisions with small impact parameters, but remain approximately fixed in direction. Consequently one can predict the symmetry relations between the laboratoryx, y, andz components of the molecular orbital intensity and therefore the anisotropy of the radiation seen at energies near the united atomK α x-ray line. These relations are used to predict anisotropies of molecular orbital radiation in encounters with large united atom atomic numbers,Z 1 +Z 2>137. For Ni + Ni encounters, a lower population of the 2pπ and 3pπ orbitals than the 2pσ and 3pσ orbitals is needed to reproduce the observed anisotropies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Greenberg, J.S., Davis, C.K., Vincent, P.: Phys. Rev. Lett.33, 473 (1974)
Kraft, G., Mokler, P.H., Stein, H.J.: Phys. Rev. Lett.33, 476 (1974)
Meyerhof, W.E., Saylor, T.K., Anholt, R.: Phys. Rev. A12, 2641 (1975)
Wölfli, W., Stoller, C., Bonani, G., Suter, M., Stöckli, M., Däppen, W.: Phys. Rev. Lett.36, 309 (1976)
Frank, W., Gippner, P., Kaun, K.-H., Manfrass, P., Tretyakov, Y.: Phys. A277, 333 (1976)
Wölfli, W., Stoller, C., Bonani, G., Suter, M., Stöckli, M.: Lett. Nuovo. Cim.14, 577 (1975)
Vincent, P.: pH.D. thesis, Yale University, 1976; Vincent, P., Greenberg, J.S.: to be published
Thoe, R.S., Sellin, I.A., Brown, M.D., Forester, J.P., Griffin, P.M., Pegg, D.J., Peterson, R.S.: Phys. Rev. Lett.34, 64 (1975)
Wölfli, W., Stoller, C., Bonani, G., Stöckli, M., Suter, M., Däppen, W.: submitted to Z. Physik
Stoller, C., Wölfli, W., Bonani, G., Stöckli, M., Suter, M.: J. Phys. B10, L347 (1977)
Kirsch, J., Betz, W., Reinhardt, J., Soff, G., Müller, B., Greiner, W.: Phys. Lett.12B, 298 (1978)
Müller, B., Greiner, W.: Phys. Rev. Lett.33, 469 (1974); Müller, B., Kent-Smith, R., Greiner, W.: Phys. Lett.49B, 219 (1974)
Kent-Smith, R., Müller, B., Greiner, W.: J. Phys. B8, 75 (1975)
Dettmann, K.: Contribution to the International Seminar on Ion-atom Collisions, Stanford University, 1975;
Briggs, J.S., Dettmann, K.: J. Phys. B10, 1113 (1977). The Calculations of the anisotropy and intensity of MO x rays including Coriolis coupling shown in Figures 4 (curve B) and 5 a of this paper are incorrect. (Knud Taulbjerg, private communication)
Gros, M., Müller, B., Greiner, W.: J. Phys. B9, 1849 (1976)
Kent-Smith, R., Greiner, W.: Spontaneous and Induced Radiation from Intermediate Molecules, preprint, 1975 (unpublished)
Betz, W., Heiligenthal, G., Reinhardt, J., Kent-Smith, R., Greiner, W.: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions, Seattle, 1975, p. 543
Gros, M., Greenland, P.T., Greiner, W.: Z. Physik A280, 31 (1977)
Briggs, J.S., Macek, J.H., Taulbjerg, K.: Abstracts 10th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions (Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique, Paris, 1977), p. 908
Macek, J.H., Briggs, J.S.: J. Phys. B7, 1312 (1977)
Anholt, R., Meyerhof, W.E., Salin, A.: Phys. Rev. A16, 951 (1977)
Anholt, R.: unpublished
Mokler, P.H., Stein, H.J., Armbruster, P.: Phys. Rev. Lett.29, 827 (1972)
Meyerhof, W.E., Saylor, T.K., Lazarus, S.M., Little, A.D., Triplett, B.B., Chase, L.F., Jr., Anholt, R.: Phys. Rev. Lett.32, 1279 (1974)
Anholt, R.: J. Phys. B9, L249 (1976)
Anholt, R., Meyerhof, W.E.: Phys. Rev. A16, 913 (1977)
Briggs, J.S., Macek, J.H.: J. Phys. B5, 579 (1972) and B6, 982 (1973)
Betz, H.-D., Bell, F., Panke, H., Stehling, W., Spindler, E., Kleber, M.: Phys. Rev. Lett.34, 1256 (1975)
Betz, H.-D.: Rev. Mod. Phys.44, 465 (1972)
Barat, M., Lichten, W.: Phys. Rev. A6, 211 (1972)
Greenberg, J.S., Vincent, P., Lichten, W.: Phys. Rev. A16, 964 (1977)
In studying 2pσ vacancy production, Meyerhof, W.E., Anholt, R., Saylor, T.K. [Phys. Rev. A16, 169 (1977)] measured the equilibrium number of projectile 2p vacancies from the repeated excitation and decay ofL vacancies in the solid target. This is not the same quantity as is required in Eq. (42), however
Kaufmann, R.L., McGuire, J.H., Richard, P., Fred Moore, C.: Phys. Rev. A8, 1233 (1973)
Hopkins, F., Elliott, D.O., Bhalla, C.P., Richard, P.: Phys. Rev. A8, 2952 (1973)
Luken, W.L., Greenberg, J.S., Vincent, P.: Phys. Rev. A15, 2305 (1977)
Eichler, J., Wille, U., Fastrup, B., Taulbjerg, K.: Phys. Rev. A14, 707 (1976)
Fricke, B., Morović, T., Sepp, W.-D., Rósen, A., Ellis, D.E.: Phys. Lett.59A, 375 (1976)
Lennard, W.N., Mitchell, I.V., Forester, J., Philips, D.: J. Phys. B10, 2129 (1977)
Hagmann, S.: private communication
McCaughy, M.P., Knystatutus, E.J., Hayden, H.C., Everhardt, E.: Phys. Rev. Lett.21, 65 (1968)
Fortner, R.J., Woerlee, P.H., Doorn, S., Hoogkamer, Th.P., Saris, F.W.: Phys. Rev. Lett.39, 1322 (1977)
Madison, D.H., Merzbacher, E.: In: Atomic Inner Shell Processes, edited by B. Crasemann, vol. 1, p. 1. New York: Academic 1975
Anholt, R.: unpublished
Trautvetter, H.P., Greenberg, J.S., Vincent, P.: Phys. Rev. Lett.37, 202 (1976)
Folkmann, F., Gaarde, C., Huus, T., Kemp, K.: Nucl. Inst. Methods116, 487 (1974)
Anholt, R., Saylor, T.K.: Phys. Lett.56A, 455 (1976)
Schmidt-Böcking, H., Schuch, R., Tserruya, I., Schulé, R., Specht, H.J., Bethge, K.: Z. Physik A284, 39 (1978)
Bang, J., Hansteen, J.M.: Kgl. Danske, Videnskab.-Selskab. Mat.-Fys. Medd.31, No. 2 (1957)
Helfrich, K., Hartmann, H.: Theor. Chim. Acta.16, 263 (1970)
Lederer, C.M., Hollander, J.M., Perlmann, I.: Table of Isotopes. New York: John Wiley 1967
Scofield, J.H.: Phys. Rev.179, 9 (1969)
Müller, B., Greiner, W.: Z. Naturforsch.31a, 1 (1976)
Rose, M.E.: Angular Momentum, New York: John Wiley 1957
Gerstein, S.S., Krivchenkov, V.D.: Sov. Phys.-JETP13, 1044 (1961)
Taulbjerg, K., Briggs, J.S., Vaaben, J.: J. Phys. B9, 1351 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The author would like to thank P. Vincent and J.S. Greenberg for making unpublished data shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 available. Antoine Salin taught the author many aspects of LS andjj coupling schemes used in this work. Useful discussions with P. Vincent, S. Hagmann, W. Wölfli, K. Taulbjerg, G. Soff, and J. Kirsch are gratefully acknowledged.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anholt, R. Theory of the angular distribution of molecular orbitalK x rays seen in heavy-ion-atom collisions. Z Physik A 288, 257–276 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01415193
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01415193