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Ergebnisse der Ulnarisverlagerung

Nachweis eines postoperativen Kompressionssyndroms

Results of transposition of the ulnar nerve with observations concerning a postoperative compression syndrome

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Zusammenfassung

61 Patienten wurden vor und nach Volarverlagerung des Nervus ulnaris klinisch und elektrophysiologisch untersucht. 39mal ist der Nervsubkutan oder subfaszial verlagert worden; nach einem durchschnittlichen postoperativen Intervall von 30 Monaten zeigten 23 Patienten dieser Gruppe eine gute brauchbare Funktion (59%) und 16 ein unbefriedigendes Ergebnis. Obwohl präoperativ 8mal ein vollständiger Funktionsverlust des Nerven bestand, waren postoperativ in jedem Fall Potentiale im Hypothenar nachweisbar.

Während die Nervenleitungsgeschwindigkeit postoperativ über der Sulkusstrecke signifikant zunahm, wurde sie am Unterarm in 15 Fällen langsamer. Die postoperative Geschwindigkeit am Unterarm war bei den Patienten mit unbefriedigendem Ergebnis signifikant langsamer als bei denen mit gutem Ergebnis. Die unzureichende funktionelle Restitution nach oberflächlicher Ulnarisverlagerung scheint danach in erster Linie nicht durch eine ungenügende Erholung des Nerven in Höhe des Sulkus, sondern durch eineerneute Schädigung am Unterarm bedingt zu sein.

Bei den übrigen 22 Patienten wurde der Nervtief unter die ulnare Beugermuskulatur verlagert; 6 bis 14 Monate postoperativ zeigten 19 Patienten (86%) ein gutes funktionelles Ergebnis. Trotz guter klinischer Erholung kam es auch bei 3 Patienten dieser Gruppe postoperativ zu einer geringen Verlangsamung der Nervenleitungsgeschwindigkeit auf der Sulkus-Unterarmstrecke. Nach den klinischen Ergebnissen stellt die tiefe Ulnarisverlagerung die Methode der Wahl dar. Trotzdem kann auch bei dieser Methode nicht in jedem Fall die Komplikation einer neuen postoperativen Kompression ausgeschlossen werden.

Summary

61 patients were examined clinically and electro-physiologically before and after the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve.

The nerve was transposed subcutaneously or subfascially on thirty-nine occasions. After a mean postoperative interval of 30 months, 23 patients (59%) showed effective function, and 16 had an unsatisfactory result. Although in eight cases a complete loss of nerve function had developed pre-operatively, in every case postoperative hypothenar action potentials were demonstrable. While the postoperative nerve conduction velocity measured at the segment of the sulcus improved significantly, it was slower in the forearm in fifteen cases. The postoperative nerve conduction velocity in the forearm of the patients with unsatisfactory results was significantly slower than in those with good results. From this it appears that inadequate functional restitution after the transposition of the ulnar nerve superficially is related primarily to a fresh injury of the nerve in the forearm and not to insufficient recovery of the nerve at the level of the sulcus.

In another 22 patients, the nerve was transposed deeply under the ulnar flexors. Six to fourteen months after the operation 19 patients (86%) showed a good functional result. In spite of a good clinical post-operative course 3 patients in this group showed slight postoperative slowing of the nerve conduction velocity in the sulcus-forearm segment. According to these clinical results deep transposition of the ulnar nerve is the method of choice. Nevertheless this technique does not exclude in every case the complication of a fresh postoperative compression.

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Gerl, A., Thorwirth, V. Ergebnisse der Ulnarisverlagerung. Acta neurochir 30, 227–246 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405582

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