Abstract
Long-range forecasting for social systems deals with complex feedback interactions between all sectors and elements of such systems, and thus inherently implies facing the challenge of the systems approach. The latter may be characterized as an attempt to understand the self-organizing behavior of social systems and to grasp its potential dynamic implications. A survey of current approaches to forecasting attempts to discuss the state of the art and potentials for further development in this light. Many modelling approaches—in particular econometrics—are inherently restricted to mechanistic modes of behavior. Formalized man-technique interaction—for which innovative approaches have become known—may aid forecasting for adaptive modes of system behavior; computer simulation of structural models has considerable potential in this area. Finally, forecasting techniques may be applied so as to stimulate human inventive thinking. The systems approach provides the proper perspective for the meaningful use of formalized approaches to forecasting.
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This paper is based on a contribution to the conference on “Long Term Planning and Forecasting” sponsored by the International Economic Association in Moscow, December 11–16, 1972. A related paper, outlining the theoretical frame of reference, will be published under the title “Forecasting and Systems Approach: A Frame of Reference” inManagement Science in 1973.
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Jantsch, E. Forecasting and the systems approach: A critical survey. Policy Sci 3, 475–498 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405349
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405349