Abstract
The production of positive and negative ions of all elements of the sub-groupsA and some of the sub-groupsB has been investigated as an extension of previous work on Penning sources. Molecular ions of the typeX ±n ,n>1 and ions of hydride moleculesX nH ±m ,n,m>1 have been found. The maximum numberm max of the H atoms bound in the cluster is determined by the position of the element in the periodic system.
The yield of the atomic and molecular beams has been measured as a function of the electric source parameters and the different gases maintaining the discharge to establish the production mechanism. The data on ion beam intensities and the state of clustering of molecules are listed in tables.
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The continuous support of our research program by Prof. Dr. O. Haxel is greatly appreciated. The financial aid of the Institut für Angewandte Physik (Prof. Dr. Ch. Schmelzer) and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Wissenschaft have considerably supported our present work.
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Kaiser, H.J., Heinicke, E., Baumann, H. et al. Molecular and atomic ions of the elements of the sub-groupsA of the periodic system. Z. Physik 243, 46–59 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01401027
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01401027