References
Sleisenger MH, Fordtran MH: Gastrointestinal disease, 2nd edition. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1978
Code CF (ed) Alimentary canal (Section 6).In Handbook of physiology. Washington, DC, American Physiological Society, 1968
Cannon WB: The movements of the stomach studied by means of the roentgen rays. Am J Physiol 1:359–382, 1898
Hatcher RA: The mechanism of vomiting. Physiol Rev 4:479–504, 1924
Alvarez WC: Reverse peristalisis in the bowel, a precursor of vomiting. J Am Med Assoc 85:1051–1054, 1925
Gardiner JP: Vomiting of pregnancy. J Am Med Assoc 91:1937–1941, 1928
Oppenheimer MJ, Mann FC: Role of the small intestine during emesis. Am J Dig Dis 8:86–89, 1941
Mathur PD, Grindlay JH, Mann FC: Observations on duodenal motility in dogs with special reference to activity during vomiting. Gastroenterology 10:866–879, 1948
Mecray PM: A study of the movements of the duodenum with special reference to antiperistalsis. Am J Dig Dis 8:76–82, 1941
Ingelfinger FJ, Moss RE: The activity of the descending duodenum during nausea. Am J Physiol 136:561–566, 1942
Abbot FK, Mack M, Wolf S: The relation of sustained contraction of the duodenum to nausea and vomiting. Gastroenterology 20:238–248, 1952
Vantrappen G, Janssens J, Hellemans J, Ghoos Y: The interdigestive motor complex of normal subjects and patients with bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. J Clin Invest 59:1158–1166, 1977
Thompson DG, Richelson E, Malagelada J-R: Perturbation of human gastroduodenal motility via the central nervous systems. Z Gastroenterol 19:436, 1981 (abstract)
Smith C, Brizzee K: Cineradiographic analysis of vomiting in the cat. Gastroenterology 40:654–664, 1961
Daniel EE, Sutherland WH, Bogoch A: Effects of morphine and other drugs on motility of the terminal ileum. Gastroenterology 36:510–523, 1959
Burks TF, Long JP: Responses of isolated dog small intestine to analgesic agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 158:264–271, 1967
Stewart JJ, Weisbrodt NW, Burks TF: Centrally mediated intestinal stimulation by morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 202:174–181, 1977
Stewart JJ, Burks TF, Weisbrodt NW: Intestinal myoelectric activity after activation of central emetic mechanism. Am J Physiol 233:E131-E137, 1977
Bueno L, Ruckebusch Y: Origine centrale de l'action excitomotrice de l'intestin par la morphine. CR Soc Biol 172:972–977, 1978
Wang SC, Borison HL: A new concept of organization of the central emetic mechanism: Recent studies on the sites of action of apomorphine, copper sulphate, and cardiac glycosides. Gastroenterology 22:1–12, 1952
Borison HL, Wang SC: Physiology and pharmacology of vomiting. Pharmacol Rev 5:193–230, 1953
Wang SC, Borison HL: Copper sulphate emesis: A study of afferent pathways from the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol 164:520–526, 1951
Brizzee K, Ordy J, Mehler W: Effect of ablation of area postrema on frequency and latency of motion sickness-induced emesis in the squirrel monkey. Physiol Behav 24: 849–853, 1980
Bhargarva KP, Gupta PC, Chandra OM: Effect of ablation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CT zone) on the emetic response to intraventricular injection of apomorphine and emetine in the dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 134:329–331, 1961
Borison HL: Area postrema: Chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting—is that all? Life Sci 14:1807–1817, 1974
Atweh SF, Kuhar MJ: Autoradiographic localization of opiate receptors in rat brain. 1. Spinal cord and lower medulla. Brain Res 124:53–67, 1977
Simantov R, Kuhar M, Uhl G, Snyder SH: Opioid peptide enkephalin: Immunohistochemical mapping in rat central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:2167–2171, 1977
Saavedra JM, Brownstein MJ, Kizer JS, Palkovits M: Biogenic amines and related enzymes in the circumventricular organs of the rat. Brain Res 107:412–417, 1976
Wang SC, Chinn HI: Emetic trigger zone and motion sickness in dogs. Fed Proc 11:400, 1952
Morest DK: Experimental study of the projections of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the area postrema in the cat. J Comp Neurol 130:277–299, 1967
Gregory RA: Nervous pathways of intestinal reflexes associated with nausea and vomiting. J Physiol 106:95–103, 1947
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported in part by King Edward VII Hospital Fund for London and the Wellcome Trust.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thompson, D.G., Malagelada, J.R. Vomiting and the small intestine. Digest Dis Sci 27, 1121–1125 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01391451
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01391451