Max Borns Kritik der mechanischen Vorhersagbarkeit und die theoretische Biologie

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the analysis of quantum-mechanical modes of description for extremely complex systems such as found in biology. Starting fromMax Born's recent statistical approach to classical mechanics we proceed to a discussion of the limits of measurement and prediction in the corresponding quantum-theoretical problems. A main concept here is that of temporary constants of the motion, long-lived parameters of the system which have the property that they can be measured without appreciable perturbation. Knowing these, microscopic structure can only be estimated by means of inductive inferences which are intrinsically indefinite. The part played by such inferences can be diminished only by more thoroughgoing measurements which, however, perturb the system and thereby prevent it from being representative of a class of similar systems that have not been so perturbed. This may be taken as a quantitative expression ofBohr's concept of generalized complementarity.

The pragmatic value of an effective description lies in its forming the basis for prediction. In quantum mechanics there are limits of prediction engendered by the indefinite nature of certain elements of the description. The importance of these limitations of predictability for theoretical biology is outlined.